超分子诱导碳基导电聚合物有序纳米结构复合材料的制备与电容性能研究

Generally, the ordered nanostructures of materials can improve their electrochemical properties. Facing the challenges of controllable nanomaterials and requirements for developing capacitor materials with high performance, the applicant based on the previous studies of supramolecular chemistry and carbon based capacitor, will prepare carbon/conductive polymer composite with controllable ordered nanostructure by supramolecular interaction, and design high performance capacitors. The regulation mechanism between micro/nano structure materials and the capacitance performance will be discussed. (1) Based on the physical and chemical modified methods, we will focus on the supramolecular inclusion with conductive polymer monomer to design and choose suitable supramolecular host molecules, modify host molecules on the surface of carbon nanomaterials, and enrich conductive polymer monomer by supramolecular functional carbon nanomaterials. (2) To control the polymerization conditions, supramolecular enrichment and self-assembly between the supramolecular host molecules and conductive polymer monomers will prompt the controllable growing of conductive polymer on the surface of carbon nanomaterials orderly, which will prepare carbon/conductive polymer composites. The control relation and mechanism of supramolecular system on the scale, structure and morphology of composites will be studied. (3) The capacitance characteristics of the composites will be studied. The influence of the micro/nano structures on the electrochemical energy storage properties by supramolecular induction will be explored. In this study, we can not only expand the controllable growth method of conducting polymers on the surface of carbon materials, but also provide a theoretical study for the preparation of novel electrochemical energy storage materials.

通常，材料的有序纳米结构能够显著改善其电化学性能。针对材料可控纳米化面临的挑战和研发高性能电容材料的要求，申请人以超分子化学和碳基电容的前期研究为基础，通过超分子诱导作用合成具有可控有序纳米结构的碳基导电聚合物复合材料，设计高性能电容器，探讨材料微纳结构与电容性能的调控机理。1、以物理化学方法，将可与导电聚合物单体进行超分子包合的超分子主体化合物修饰到碳纳米材料表面，通过超分子功能化碳纳米材料富集聚合物单体。2、控制反应条件，实现超分子作用诱导导电聚合物在碳纳米材料表面的有序可控生长，制备碳基导电聚合物复合材料，研究超分子体系对其纳米尺度、形貌结构的调控关系和机理。3、研究复合材料电容特性，探究超分子诱导作用形成的复合材料微纳结构对其电容性能的影响和构效关系，以研发高性能超级电容器。本研究，不仅拓展了导电聚合物/碳材料的可控复合方法，而且为新型电化学储能材料的制备提供了一定的理论依据。

本项目通过化学修饰或自组装的方式，制备了环糊精超分子功能化碳纳米材料，选择主体化合物（如聚苯胺），实现其在碳纳米材料表面的富集，调控聚合物反应条件，以碳纳米材料作为“纳米骨架”，使导电聚合物单体在碳纳米材料表面可控聚合生长，制备具有有序纳米结构的碳基导电高聚物复合材料。改变主体分子的浓度，可调节聚合物层的厚度，实现导电高聚物单体在碳纳米材料表面的可控聚合，其复合材料具有更为优异的比容量、倍率特性和循环稳定性。在此基础上，研究了柱芳烃在石墨烯材料中的负载和分布特性，探索其电化学性能。实现了聚苯胺/柱芳烃在石墨烯表面的可控聚合，制备出柱芳烃/聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料，并用于超级电容器材料。.研究了以柠檬酸钾碳化制备的三维互联结构的多孔碳纳米片为基体，用溶剂法合成少层和小尺寸碳纳米片/MoS2复合材料，作为电催化析氢反应电极材料。此外，采用静电纺丝和酸刻蚀的方法制备了具有超分子捕获能力的Fe2O3/β-环糊精/聚丙烯腈多孔纳米纤维。.根据项目计划书，各项目任务现已完成。项目执行期间取得了较好的研究成果，共计发表SCI论文7篇，申请专利6项。项目执行期间，培养毕业硕士3名。完成项目计划书中的研究目标。