弦/M-理论和黑洞物理中一些相关基本问题的探讨

To large extent, either particle physics standard model or inflation model in cosmology is successful in its own right, but fails to be called an fundamental theory since either has its own flaws and arbitraryness. Further, understanding the cosmological or the black hole singularity, the new physics beyond the standard model and the physics in Plank scale, in particular the nature of dark energy (consisting of 73% of matter in our Universe), all needs a fundamental description of all known interactions including gravity. String/M-theory, in spite of its incompleteness in its non-perturbative formulation, is up to now the most promising candidate for the underlying fundamental description, and its study already reveals fuzziness about spacetime, interactions and what is usually called classical or quantum, indicating none of these so familiar concepts being fundamental. Further exploration of these can teach us lessons about their respective nature and at the same time may lead to the complete formulation of the underlying theory. In this key project, we will explore the related issues, using the known dualities and the low energy effective theories of string/M-theory, for the purpose of understanding the nature behind each concept mentioned above. In the frame of string/M-theory as discussed in detail in the main body of proposed research in this application, it appears that the fuzziness associated with each concept is somehow related to the other two and understanding any may lead us to understand all. Our focus here is on the non-perturbative dynamics of branes, in particular the unstable ones, in this theory. For example, the topological transition of black brane to a regular bubble under certain condition via closed string tachyon condensation leads to the complete disappearance of entropy since the bubble doesn't have any event horizon and the first natural question is why the entropy completely disappears in this process and if the entropy is related to the underlying dynamical degrees of freedom, does this imply that the bubble doesn't carry any local dynamics? or even a deep question, is the entropy for a gravity system indeed related to the underlying dynamical degrees of freedom as in the case of non-gravitational system? Also the thermodynamics and the related phase transitions of branes will teach us the similar lessons as discussed in detail in the main body of the proposed research in this application. By pursuing questions like the above and the related in black hole physics in depth, we expect to be able to make a real contribution to the understanding of these nature questions raised above and at the same time to contribute to the complete formulation of the underlying fundamental theory.

无论是粒子物理标准模型还是宇宙学暴涨模型都在呼唤着新物理和包括引力在内的基本理论。另外，理解宇宙学奇点、黑洞奇点和超出标准模型的新物理和Planck 尺度上的物理，尤其是认识占宇宙物质组分约73%的暗能量本质，也需要一个包括引力在内的基本理论。超弦/M-理论是目前最有希望的候选理论，可以帮助我们认识新物理和一些如时空本质、相互作用本质以及经典和量子本质相关的基本问题。这些认识本身也可以帮助完善对应的基本理论。本项目将基于弦/M-理论中已知的各种对偶关系及其低能有效理论，深入开展该理论中基本动力学客体膜的非微扰动力学的研究比如非稳定膜系统的快子凝聚和膜系统热力学相和相变（包括黑洞物理的相关内容），揭示这些动力学所反映的有关时空的本质，相互作用的本质等，并注意从这些研究中获得的启发和思想，做出对这些本质问题的认识和完善弦/M-理论实质性的贡献。

无论是理解宇宙学奇点、黑洞奇点还是理解Planck尺度下的物理、暗能量的本质以及相互作用的统一都需要一个成功的量子引力理论。弦／M－理论是量子引力及相互作用统一目前仅有的理论框架。另外黑洞的研究也是帮助我们认识量子引力特性的窗口。基于此，我们在项目执行的5年时间里开展了超弦／M-理论及黑洞物理相关基本问题的研究，具体为： 1）弦／M-理论非微扰对称性U－对偶方面有新的认识， 2）对弦／M－理论基本动力学客体p-膜的热力学及热力学相结构的发现以及相关的特性方面的认识，3）发现了开弦对产生的增强效应以及为探测额外维和验证弦理论正确性提供了一种实验可能性，4）探讨高维黑洞以及不同渐进时空下引力塌缩、黑洞形成的难易问题，5）黑洞周围场的扰动研究黑洞动力学及其稳定性，6）黑洞热力学与动力学的管理，7）以及引力全息及其应用的相关研究等。发表论文67篇，其中绝大多数都发表在在国际一流期刊上。相对来说重要成果有如下6 个方面：1）用4维下有dilaton 耦合的黑洞给出了具有横向球对称性p-膜系统完整相结构；2）发现了一种基于弦理论非常unique的可用于探测额外维和检验弦理论新方法；3）研究了不同维度下Born-Infeld AdS 黑洞的相的存在性及可能的相变；4）探讨了可以用黑洞的似正规模来作为刻画黑洞热力学相变的动力学印记；5）考虑一类非常一般的由非线性标量场、非线性电磁场所形成的引力系统，证明了一个Lichnerowicz-型定理，并指出稳态的玻色星体的不存在性；6）系统的研究了一个可解模型Friedrichs模型中的束缚态、虚态、共振态的性质，并推广到多个道的情形。结合Friedrichs模型和夸克模型，构建了一个在唯象上可以用来讨论强子谱的方法，并讨论了P波的第一激发态的类粲夸克偶素的性质，跟实验基本符合，并且给出了对hc(2P)质量和宽度的一个预言。