高刚性难纺短纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线结构成形机理及调控

According to such technical problems as hard torsion, difficult bending deformation, bad yarn formation for high rigid fiber yarn production, online decreasing fiber modulus is applied to improve high rigid fiber yarn formation performance during the Soft-and-Smooth-Ring(denoted as SSR) spinning. Based on SSR spinning experiments for high rigid fibers, this project will conduct the following research items: studying yarn formation process and structure features to unlock the key mechanism of SSR spun yarn structure formation; constructing mechanical model of high rigid fiber SSR spun yarn collaborative formation, and structural model of high rigid fiber SSR spun yarn; deriving equations of the correlation between yarn structure and mechanical properties; establishing structural regulation laws for SSR spun yarn to guide the optimization production and produce the high quality novel yarn; investigating high rigid fiber SSR spun yarn weaving performance and fabric wearability. Successful implementation of this project can provide theoretical foundations for SSR spinning technology application in high rigid staple fiber yarn production.

针对纺纱成形过程中，高刚性难纺纤维扭转、弯曲变形困难，成纱性能和品质差等技术难题，本项目采用在线降低纤维模量的方式，对高刚性纤维进行柔顺光洁环锭纺纱实验，研究高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线成形过程和结构特征，探索柔顺光洁环锭纱线结构成形的关键机理，构建出高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线结构的协同成形受力模型、纱线结构模型，推导纱线结构与力学性能间的关系方程，制定出高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线成形结构调控方案和法则，指导最优化生产，调控纱线成形结构，纺制出高品质新型纱线，并对高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线的织造性能以及面料服用性能进行研究。该项目的成功实施将为柔顺光洁纺纱技术在高刚性短纤维原料纱线成形加工领域的推广应用奠定理论基础。

针对纺纱成形过程中，高刚性难纺纤维扭转、弯曲变形困难，成纱性能和品质差等技术难题，本项目研究了纤维增柔的方法和性能，揭示出纤维增柔的关键机理在于湿热增加大分子自由运动、张力扭转诱导分子螺旋构象；基于增柔机理，研究了高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线成形过程和结构特征，发现刚性须条纤维在线柔化加捻时内外转移充分、促使纱体柔性成形，表层纤维受到握持包缠、促使纱体表面光洁成形；构建出包括柔顺光洁环锭纱线结构成形的沟槽握持模型、复合捕捉模型、压盘控制模型、结构与性能关联模型等，明确了柔顺光洁环锭纱线结构成形的核心机制在于在线柔化、握持捕捉和扭转缠绕协同作用；制定出高刚性纤维柔顺光洁环锭纱线成形结构调控方案和法则，集成创新和研制出成熟的柔顺光洁纱线制造技术装备，实现了柔顺光洁纱线的安全、便捷、低成本的最优化生产，调控纱线成形结构，制造出具有表层致密光洁（细纱3毫米毛羽降低率高达90%以上）、内部纤维充分转移结构的柔洁纱线，提高了终端面料的耐磨（提高6%左右）、抗起毛起球（提高0.5级）等服用性能，并成功实现项目理论在棉、麻、化纤纺纱领域的产业化应用。该项目成果为柔顺光洁纺纱技术的大面积推广提供科学理论支撑和应用技术指导。