基于眼动参数分析的多媒体教室光环境研究

The detection rate of students’ poor eyesight in China continues to rise while the popularity rate of multimedia classrooms grows to 80%. Multimedia classrooms are the main places for students engaging in study and various activities, and the light environment of multimedia classrooms has a direct effect on students' eye health. Multimedia classrooms make higher requirements for light environment than traditional classrooms because of the projection display. Without in-depth and systematic research, the light environment of multimedia classrooms is designed according to traditional classrooms at present. The Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA are used to screen out eye movement parameters with the highest correlation with visual fatigue and those with the most obvious change, and these eye movement parameters are the main parameters of this study. Using eye movement parameters analysis as well as visual performance and subjective comfort SD method，the optimum brightness contrast between the projection screen and the environment have been researched based on Weber's law and the objective value of visual fatigue. Tracking visual trends of students during class time, using eye movement parameters analysis, KSS sleepiness scale and fatigue self-assessment scale, the optimum space combination of projection screen, blackboard and platform have been studied. With the establishment the model of multimedia classroom light environment, the construction way of light environment has been researched. The evaluation parameter system and evaluation method of multimedia classroom light environment quality suitable for human visual health have been established by utilizing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results provide theoretical research methods and technical parameters to create good multimedia classroom light environment.

我国学生视力不良检出率持续上升，多媒体教室（普及率已达80%）是学生学习和进行各种活动的主要场所，其光环境质量的好坏直接影响学生的眼部健康。多媒体教室的投影显示对光环境提出了新的更高要求，目前还基本按照普通教室进行设计，对此缺乏深入系统的研究。课题采用皮尔逊相关系数和方差分析筛选出与视觉疲劳关联度最高和变化最明显的眼动参数，作为本研究的参数项；以韦伯定律和视觉疲劳客观值为基础理论，运用眼动参数分析、视觉作业绩效和主观舒适度SD法，研究投影幕布亮度与环境亮度的最佳比值；跟踪观测学生上课时的视觉动向，运用眼动参数分析、KSS困倦量表和疲劳自评量表等，研究投影幕布、黑板和讲台的最佳空间分布组合；建立多媒体教室光环境模型，研究多媒体教室各部分的光环境塑造方式；采用模糊综合评价法建立适宜人眼视觉健康的多媒体教室光环境质量评价参数体系和评价方法，为创造良好的多媒体教室光环境提供理论研究方法和技术参数。

我国学生视力不良检出率持续上升，多媒体教室（普及率已达80%）是学生学习和进行各种活动的主要场所，其光环境质量的好坏直接影响学生的眼部健康。多媒体教室的投影显示对光环境提出了新的更高要求，但对此缺乏深入系统的研究。课题采用皮尔逊和斯贝尔曼相关系数筛选出与视觉疲劳关联度最高和变化最明显的眼动参数，包括脑电Rα值、Rβ值、Rδ值、Rδ+θ值、R（α+θ）/β值、Rθ/β值、心电RR.Mean、PNN50、眼电眨眼频率、闭眼时间、P80和呼吸12项生理指标，作为后续研究的参数项。课题运用眼动参数和心电参数分析、视觉作业绩效和主观舒适度SD法，研究投影幕布亮度与黑板、课桌面、环境亮度的最佳比值，结果显示：最适宜的多媒体教室投影幕布与黑板的亮度比值为3:1，最适宜的多媒体教室投影幕布与课桌面的亮度比值为3:1，最适宜的多媒体教室投影幕布与环境的亮度比值为6:1。课题调研分析学生上课时的视觉动向和视看对象，总结出10种常用的空间组合模式，根据各部分光环境需求、光环境塑造可行性、使用场景和授课方式，提出了2种适宜人眼视觉健康的投影幕布、黑板和讲台的最佳空间分布组合，具体为：以PPT投影教学为主的最佳组合模式 “窗——讲台——黑板——投影幕布——门”，以板书和PPT同时教学的最佳组合模式 “窗——黑板——讲台——投影幕布——门”。课题建立典型多媒体教室光环境模型，根据国家相关标准和规范确定的亮度和照度水平，结合前期研究，确定了多媒体教室黑板、讲台、课桌面、环境的光环境塑造方式。课题采用多指标综合评价法，引入综合评价指数，定义各项指标对综合评价指数的贡献权重，再通过多元曲线回归建立适宜人眼视觉健康的多媒体教室光环境综合评价指数I值与视疲劳的曲线模型。课题的各项研究成果可为创造良好的多媒体教室光环境提供理论研究方法和技术参数。