竞争企业间的产能共享机制研究

Capacity sharing between firms is a common business practice for mutual benefits. The existing literature has generally overlooked the role of competition in capacity sharing. This project studies capacity sharing between firms that engage in retail price competition under both ex ante bargaining scheme (where transfer price is determined through bargaining before firms' retail pricing decisions) and ex post bargaining scheme (where transfer price is determined after retail pricing decisions). We consider two scenarios of capacity. In the symmetric capacity scenario, the two firms have equal capacity levels. In the asymmetric capacity scenario, one firm owns larger capacity than the other. In each capacity scenario, we investigate whether capacity sharing intensifies or dampens price competition under the two bargaining schemes. We expect some novel results in such aspects. Furthermore, we study the firms' preference for the bargaining scheme and how it is influenced by the capacity level and loyal consumer size. This project is aimed at providing managerial insights for practitioners on whether to share capacity with their competitors and if so how to share. Theoretically, this project will contribute to the capacity management literature and co-opetition literature.

产能共享是企业为达到共赢的一个普遍商业现象，有趣的是与竞争者进行产能共享也受到越来越多企业的重视。因此研究竞争者之间的产能共享是一个十分有意义的课题，而文献中这方面的基于模型的理论研究还非常欠缺。本项目拟研究两种不同的产能共享机制：事前议价机制和事后议价机制。在事前议价机制下，公司先就产能共享价格达成一致，再进行零售价竞争；在事后议价机制下，公司先进行零售价竞争，再协商是否进行产能共享以及产能共享价铬。我们分别考虑对称产能和非对称产能情境, 分析在每一种情境下，每一种共享机制是加剧或减轻竞争激烈程度，以及每一个公司对产能共享机制的偏好如何受它们的产能和拥有的忠诚顾客数量影响。我们期望在产能共享如何影响直接竞争者的利益方面取得创新性成果，为竞争企业是否应该进行产能共享以及如何共享提供管理借鉴，为产能管理理论和竞合理论的发展做出贡献。

课题按计划进行，执行情况顺利，完成了原定目标，并且拓展了研究广度。课题在研究深度和广度上达到了国际领先水平。本课题采用博弈论、优化理论等，研究了竞争企业之间的产能共享机制。课题研究了两种不同的机制：事前议价机制和事后议价机制；并从对称产能情境拓展到非对称产能情境,分析了在每一种情境下，每一种共享机制对竞争激烈程度的影响，以及产能和忠诚顾客数量对公司产能共享机制的偏好影响。此外，课题组将竞争问题拓展到多个情境，比如竞争企业的采购问题、再制造策略、再制造回收渠道选择、自有品牌策略等。研究成果得到了同行高度认可。基于这些成果，课题负责人发表了9篇标注资助的论文。其中4篇发表于商科顶级期刊:2篇Management Science、1篇Manufacturing and Service Operations Management，1篇Production and Operations Management。另4篇分别发表于Decision Sciences和European Journal of Operational Research（3篇）。项目的研究成果对竞争企业的运营管理理论的发展起到了推动作用。论文“Capacity sharing between competitors”获得华人学者管理科学与工程协会（CSAMSE）最佳论文三等奖。该论文研究成果为竞争企业之间寻求合作提供理论框架和践行方案。期刊Management Science前主编Teck-Hua Ho曾对该研究的实际意义给出了高度肯定。