酚醛树脂基电纺超细碳纤维的石墨质层次孔构建及挥发性有机物气体吸附性能研究

Designing and obtaining novel efficient carbonaceous adsorbent materials is very important to solve the gas pollution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Electrospun porous carbon ultrafine fibers have shown great potential in VOC adsorption due to many advantages, while their adsorption performance for VOCs in reported studies could not reach the need for practical conditions. This project intends to prepare freestanding hierarchical porous graphitic carbon ultrafine fibers by electrospinning from phenolic resin combined with thermal reaction under NH3 atmosphere and catalytic graphitization from the aspects of developed hierarchical porous structure and high hydrophobicity. Preparation conditions are optimized to modify the structure and surface properties of obtained fibers, in order to achieve high VOC adsorption capacities and strong adsorption selectivity for VOCs over water. This project aims to analyze systematically the adsorption behavior of VOCs on fibers and elucidate the relationship between the hierarchical porous graphitic structure with VOC adsorption performance. This project will provide new ideas for developing highly efficient VOC adsorbent materials, which is beneficial for the constructing of high-performance adsorption system for VOCs.

设计开发新型高性能的碳质吸附剂材料对于挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体污染问题的解决具有重大意义。电纺多孔超细碳纤维因其众多优点成为很有前景的VOC气体吸附剂材料，但目前文献中其已实现的VOC气体吸附性能远不能达到实际所需效果。本项目以功能为导向，拟从兼具发达层次孔结构和强疏水性角度上，以酚醛树脂为前驱体，通过静电纺丝结合较低温度氨气气氛的热处理和催化石墨化工艺批量制备自支撑的石墨质层次孔超细碳纤维，并优化制备工艺，对纤维的结构和表面性质进行调控，以同时实现高的VOC气体吸附量和强的VOCs相对水的吸附选择性。项目系统分析纤维对VOC气体的吸附行为，阐明纤维的石墨质纳米结构和发达层次孔结构对VOC气体吸附的作用机制。本项目的实施将为高效吸附VOC气体材料的研发提供借鉴思路，有助于构建高性能的VOC气体吸附系统。

设计开发新型高性能的碳质吸附剂材料对于挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体污染问题的解决具有重大意义。电纺多孔超细碳纤维因其众多优点成为很有前景的VOC气体吸附剂材料，但目前文献中其已实现的VOC气体吸附性能远不能达到实际所需效果。本项目以功能为导向，从兼具发达层次孔结构和强疏水性角度上，以酚醛树脂为前驱体，通过静电纺丝结合较低温度氨气气氛的热处理和催化石墨化工艺批量制备自支撑的石墨质层次孔超细碳纤维，并优化制备工艺，对纤维的结构和表面性质进行调控，同时实现高的VOC气体吸附量和强的VOCs相对水的吸附选择性。当热处理温度为900 °C，金属催化剂添加量为5 wt.%时，纤维比表面积为978 m2 g-1，25 °C时对乙醇和丙酮的最高吸附量分别高达204和319 cm3 g-1，明显高于普通多孔超细碳纤维。项目系统分析了纤维对VOC气体的吸附行为，阐明了纤维的石墨质纳米结构和发达层次孔结构对VOC气体吸附的作用机制。本项目的实施将为高效吸附VOC气体材料的研发提供借鉴思路，有助于构建高性能的VOC气体吸附系统。