基于经济增长约束目标的区域环境规制与工具选择研究——以京津冀地区大气污染治理为例

Since China's reform and opening-up, the rapid economic growth has brought the increasingly serious environmental pollution including air pollution, water pollution and land pollution, which has become the "bottleneck" of the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the macro background of the system and mechanism transformation of China's environmental governance since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and taking both the weakening of the constraints on GDP growth target and strengthening the roles of the market to determine the allocation of resources as the logical starting point, we establish the economy-environment endogenous growth model and the environmental regulation game model among the central government, local government, enterprises and public, then theoretically explain the intrinsic reasons about policy co-ordination "dilemma" of the environmental regulation in China's different economic regional and interregional cooperation, and through numerical simulation we analyze effectiveness of both "command and control" instruments and market-based instruments in our region pollution regulation. At last, based on the case of control air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, we provide the policy suggestions for the combined choices from different environmental regulation instruments. The project has an important theoretical and practical value to both macro environmental governance policy top-level design and micro environmental regulation instruments choice when the central government and local government are seeking the economic steady growth path and are minimizing environmental pollution.

改革开放以来，中央和地方政府追求经济高速增长带来了日益严重的区域性大气、水、土地环境污染，已经成为我国经济社会可持续发展的“瓶颈”。本课题立足十八大以来我国环境治理体制机制发生重大转型的宏观背景，以当前中央政府对经济增长目标约束的弱化和市场决定环境资源配置机制的强化为逻辑起点，构建基于经济增长有限约束条件下的经济—环境内生增长模型以及中央政府、地方政府、企业、公众之间以及不同经济区域之间的环境规制博弈模型，从理论上阐释我国不同经济区域内和区际间环境规制政策协同“困境”的内在成因，运用数值模拟分析“命令—控制”型和市场型规制工具在我国区际污染治理上的有效性，以京津冀地区大气污染治理为例提出环境规制工具选择组合运用的有关政策建议。本课题对中央和地方政府在追求经济稳态增长目标路径上，进行环境治理的宏观规制政策顶层设计和微观规制工具选择运用具有重要的理论与实践意义。

随着我国环境污染问题的不断凸显，环境污染治理已经成为中央政府和地方政府的重要经济课题和政治课题，本项目在分析中央政府和地方政府在我国当前经济增长刚性约束弱化和市场决定环境资源配置机制强化的新型体制机制条件下，提出了对区域性环境污染治理进行宏观规制政策顶层设计和微观规制工具的选择模式，对解决区域性（如典型的京津冀地区）环境治理问题，特别是不同省份之间的环境规制政策的协同性问题和污染天堂效应问题，具有重要的政策操作意义。本项目的政策建议对推动公众参与环境治理以及推动国家治理现代化等方面也具有重要借鉴意义。