干旱区内陆湖泊盐尘气溶胶时空变化机制及其生态效应遥感分析

As a special atmospheric disaster, salt dust storm occurred frequently in enclosed lake in arid areas. Many serious threats caused by Salt dust storm in the process of human production and living life even and the safety of environment and ecology in oasis, it has become a regional and global ecological disaster. The spatial heterogeneity of dust aerosol is affected by many factors. The traditional method is field sampling and it is difficult to meet the needs of large scale spatial and temporal simulation. The results of the study are uncertain, and the versatility and quantification are not satisfactory.In this study, in order to better explore the drivers of salt dust storms caused by natural and human and understand salt dust storms occurred systematically, we will study the conditions of dry bottom of lakes, aerosol optical properties of salt dust, potential diffusion properties of salt dust, and using the technology of ground-based and remote sensing to state the effect of ecological, obtain the overall evolution of dust storms and reveal the effect of inland lake degradation on the spatial and temporal pattern of aerosol in Arid inland region. Taking Ebinur Lake as a typical area, analyze the characteristic of salt dust disaster and its effect on the ecological environment of the surrounding oasis, it is helpful to understand the evolution trend of salt lake and to prevent or solve the problems in utilization of resources in the development of inland lake watershed.The aim of this study is to provide forceful scientific basis and some basic data for the assessment and prevention of salt dust storm disaster, make further efforts in the research of remote sensing monitoring in salt dust storm disaster.It has important significance to formulate the construction of ecological environment and afford service guarantee for ecological safety of "the belt and road".

盐尘暴作为一种特殊大气灾害形式，频发于干旱内陆湖泊区域，对于人类生产生活及绿洲生态环境危害甚大，已成为全球性的生态灾难。由于盐尘气溶胶发生影响因素众多且异质性强，传统实地取样分析方法难以满足大尺度时空模拟需要，研究结果不确定性较强。针对这些问题，选择干旱区内陆湖泊盐尘灾害典型频发区域—新疆艾比湖，利用卫星、地基遥感技术辅以地面和气象数据，对干涸湖底盐尘源下垫面状况、盐尘气溶胶光学特性、盐尘潜在扩散特性及其生态效应进行研究，探讨盐尘暴发生的自然和人文驱动因素，系统认识盐尘暴灾害发生、发展动态过程，获取该区域盐尘总体演变态势，揭示干旱区内陆湖泊退化对区域气溶胶时空格局的影响，以及盐尘灾害对周边绿洲生态环境的效应。本研究旨在促进遥感技术在盐尘暴灾害中深入应用，研究成果对干旱内陆地区生态与环境建设、维系一带一路国家重大战略生态安全保障具有重要意义。

项目针对干旱区内陆湖泊盐尘气溶胶时空变化机制及其生态效应遥感分析研究主题，整合大气科学、遥感科学、土壤学、环境科学等多领域的现代理论、方法和先进技术，选择干旱区内陆湖泊盐尘灾害典型频发区域—新疆艾比湖，利用卫星、地基遥感技术辅以地面和气象数据，对干涸湖底盐尘源下垫面状况、盐尘气溶胶光学特性、盐尘潜在扩散特性及其生态效应进行研究，探讨盐尘暴发生的自然和人文驱动因素，系统认识盐尘暴灾害发生、发展动态过程，获取该区域盐尘总体演变态势，揭示干旱区内陆湖泊退化对区域气溶胶时空格局的影响，以及盐尘灾害对周边绿洲生态环境的效应。. 项目执行期间，在如下几个方面取得了较突出的进展，开发了基于不同遥感方式的气溶胶高精度信息提取模型；多考虑双向反射分布函数（BRDF）的影响，提出角度大气校正算法(MAIAC)作为一种新的陆上气溶胶反演算，验证了MAIAC高分辨率数据在中亚干旱地区的适用性，提高了气溶胶产品在干旱区的应用的普适性；开展多尺度气溶胶综合观测，实现气溶胶时空分布规律研究，精准评估长时间序列艾比湖流域气溶胶主要成分时空分异，厘清气溶胶变化发生机理及光学特性；提出采用逐像元角度去除地表贡献实现地气耦合，实现干旱区气溶胶光学厚度遥感反演优化算法；系统评估了中亚地区土地利用/覆盖对区域AOD的影响，首次利用MODIS卫星产品推进干旱区积雪中黑碳对气候的定量影响；针对盐尘气溶胶发生机制及其扩散特性存在的问题，集成卫星、地基遥感和地面观测等多种技术手段，识别盐尘气溶胶光学特性的分布特征，并且模拟盐尘气溶胶扩散与沉降规律；研究不同类型气流输送轨迹对大气颗粒物的影响及潜在源区分布，确定不同区域的传输贡献；利用AOD结合降水数据和云微物理参数（云光学厚度、云滴有效粒子半径、云的液水路径），研究气溶胶-云-降水的相互影响，实现盐尘气溶胶的间接效应；以经典地统计学、大气环境和气溶胶辐射效应理论为基础，构建了一个由地理加权模型（GWR）和结构方程模型（SEM）耦合的GWR-SEM模型，研究了中亚地区不同植被类型下气溶胶与总初级生产力的关系，在考虑空间异质性的基础上，通过直接效应和间接效应定量评估了气溶胶对陆地植被生产力的影响程度等研究。这些成果对干旱内陆地区生态与环境建设、维系一带一路国家重大战略生态安全保障具有重要意义。