基于编码靶标的小视场大范围坐标测量方法研究

Vision coordinate measurement technique has become research hot point and has wide application prospect. But visual information processing is difficult, furthermore wide scope and high precision is a pair of contradiction in the field. A new coordinate measurement method of small view field and wide scope using coding target is proposed in this project. Local information of coding target can be obtained by vision measurement and wide range measurement is realized by information processing.The project researches the theory of wide scope measurement using small view field, designs the coordinate measurement system and information transmission model based on coding target, constructs the test system of coordinate measurement with small view field and wide scope, tests the feasibility of the theory, the method and the technology. The key points is as follows. The digital coding target with holographic characteristic and the information processing algorithm of the coding target are studied. New methods of visual information catching and processing is obtained. According to the holographic characteristic of coding target, the position and orientation information of coding target can be obtained by any section of coding image on the target, then the position of the target probe can be obtained and coordinate measurement is realized. It solves the contradiction between wide scope and high precision. The project provides a new method and system model of visual coordinate measurement for surface shape. The project has important theoretical research value, practical application value, and prospective economic and social benefits.

视觉坐标测量已成为具有生命力和广阔应用前景的高新技术，但存在信息处理难度大，大范围与高分辨率不能兼顾等难题。项目提出基于编码靶标成像的小视场大范围坐标测量新方法，利用视觉测量获取编码靶标局部信息，借助信息处理实现大范围坐标测量。项目研究小视场实现大范围测量的原理，建立基于编码靶标的坐标测量方法及空间信息传递模型，构建小视场大范围坐标测量实验系统，实验验证所涉及的原理、方法及技术可行性。重点研究具有全息特性的编码靶标和编码靶标信息的参数反演算法，建立视觉信息获取和处理的新方法；利用数字编码靶标具有的全息性，研究在仅获得任意一段条码信息的条件下，获取靶标姿态和测点空间坐标，解决视觉测量大范围与高分辨率不能兼顾的矛盾。本项目为物体表面形状提供了一种视觉坐标测量的新方法和系统模型，有重要的理论研究价值、实际应用价值和可以预期的经济社会效益。

视觉坐标测量已成为具有生命力和广阔应用前景的高新技术，但存在信息处理难度大，应用范围小等缺陷。项目提出基于编码靶标成像的小视场大范围坐标测量新方法。研究了小视场实现大范围测量的原理，设计了一种直线编码靶标，采用红外光点组合编码，只要成像视场大于3个编码间距即可正确解码和测量。仿真和实验表明，基于编码靶标测量，利用较小视场实现了较大范围内的高精度测量。针对深度空间小视场摄像机标定，建立基于立体靶标的仿真分析方法，深入分析了靶点的空间分布各因素对摄像机内参数标定精度的影响，提出在摄像机标定之前合理设计靶点的数目及位姿分布的思想，采用虚拟立体靶标对摄像机内参数进行现场快速高精度标定。提出一种平面靶标测头中心现场两步标定的方法，通过仿真和实验验证了方法的正确性，有效解决了手持平面靶标测头中心现场标定的难题。本项目为物体表面形状提供了一种视觉坐标测量的新方法和系统模型，有重要的理论研究价值、实际应用价值和可以预期的经济社会效益。