西藏豌豆种质资源系统性评价、遗传多样性分析及优异性状的QTL定位

Pea is the fourth largest staple food crop of Tibet Plateau, and also the main source of high-quality, high-protein fodder and forage. But the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen as well as the development of pea-related industries were seriously affected due to reducing cultivated area of peas year by year caused by variety degeneration and serious varietal complexity. Local pea varieties of Tibet have adapted to the special weather conditions and diversified cropping systems of Tibet Plateau, and have generated rich heritable variation as well as cold resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance, drought resistance and other excellent characteristics. But so far, Tibet's pea resources have yet to be deeply and systematically studied, and it is still unclear what the characteristics of its pea resources are, what its genetic diversity is, how about the genetic relationship between resources, and how population structure is. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct systematic evaluation and genetic diversity analysis on DNA level on the pea genetic resources throughout Tibet, and screen excellent germplasm and QTL associated with excellent trait on this basis, thus laying a foundation for cross parent combination and variety breeding for Tibet's peas.

豌豆是西藏高原第四大主粮作物，也是优质高蛋白饲、草料的主要来源。因品种退化、混杂严重，豌豆在西藏高原的种植面积逐年萎缩，显著影响了当地农牧民生活和豌豆相关产业的发展。西藏豌豆地方品种适应了西藏高原特殊的气候条件和多样化的耕作制度，产生了丰富的遗传变异和抗寒、耐盐碱、抗旱等优异性状。但是至今对西藏豌豆资源尚缺乏深入系统的研究，究竟西藏豌豆资源有何特点，遗传多样性如何，资源间亲缘关系和群体结构怎样，早熟、抗寒、产量等优异性状与哪些SSR标记关联等问题尚不清楚。因此，亟需对西藏全境的豌豆种质资源开展系统性评价、DNA水平的遗传多样性分析、优异性状的QTL定位及筛选优异种质，为西藏豌豆杂交亲本组配和品种选育奠定基础。

豌豆为西藏高原主要的粮饲草兼用作物，对支撑西藏农牧业经济发展具有重要作用。本研究以西藏豌豆种质资源为研究对象，通过2多多点的表型性状考察，包括主要农艺性状、物候期考察、总蛋白和总淀粉含量测定，抗寒和抗旱种质鉴定，理清西藏豌豆种质资源的特征特点和遗传背景。同时评选出早熟、抗逆及高产优异种质，为西藏豌豆品种选育和改良提供种质支撑。同时利用重测序技术对230份豌豆资源进行了重测序，并整合15个可靠且重要的表型性状进行全基因组关联分析，挖掘豌豆优异基因。.主要成果如下：.1.具有系统且详实的西藏豌豆种质资源表型数据，包括31个农艺性状、2个品质性状、抗旱和抗逆的性状数据。.2.建立了230份西藏豌豆种质资源基因组重测序数据集，为今后深入挖掘豌豆优异基因奠定分子基础。.3.筛选出多份早熟、高产、高蛋白、抗寒、抗旱优异材料，为豌豆育种提供种质保障。