重载列车-轨道空间耦合系统动力学理论与试验研究

The heavy-haul train transport system is regarded as an important developmental trend of railway's freight transport for its prominent economic benefit. However, along with the enlargement of train marshalling, increase of axle-load and raising of running speed, the security problem (such as track-breakage, coupler-rupture and derailment) stands out gradually, which is badly restricting the well-liking development of heavy-haul train transport. So carrying out the deeply and comprehensive dynamic research for the coupled heavy-haul train and track system is of great importance. But there are two main difficulties in the theory research, eg. computational bottleneck due to system freedom-degree-blast and solving problem caused by non-linear wheel-rail coupling relationship. Moreover, the measurement technology of wheel-rail forces and the capital of test data analysis also need to be improved in the test research. Therefore, the project would use the cycle-variable method and symplectic method to resolve the difficult problem of calculation scale hugeness, and build a veriest three-dimension dynamic model of heavy-haul train and track coupled system. And then it would develop the precise integration method to set up an efficient and precise iterative resolve scheme for the complex non-linear relationships. Meanwhile, this project would also research the heavy-haul train dynamic test technology based on the wheel-rail continuous measurement method, and discuss the new method for combining the theory analysis and trial research work. Thereby it can drastically be researched that the dynamic characteristic and interaction mechanism of heavy-haul train and track coupled system under the all kinds of complicated working condition, which would provide feasible safe guarantee for heavy-haul train transport system.

发展重载运输是铁路扩能提效的一个有效途径。但随着列车编组的扩大、轴重的增加和运营速度的提高，线路破坏失效、断钩、脱轨等行车安全问题日渐突出，严重制约着重载运输的健康发展。因此，开展深入全面的重载列车-轨道耦合系统动力学研究势在必行。该问题理论研究面临着由自由度巨大造成的计算瓶颈和由轮轨非线性耦合关系带来的求解困难两大难题，而试验研究中轮轨力测量技术和数据分析能力也有待进一步提高。本课题旨通过循环变量法和辛数学理论解决系统计算规模庞大的难题，建立一个真正的重载列车-轨道空间耦合系统动力学模型，并针对复杂的非线性关系，扩展精细积分方法来构建高效精确的迭代求解策略；另一方面，开展基于轮轨力连续测量法的重载列车动力学试验研究，探索理论分析和试验研究有机结合的新方法。在此基础上，深入研究重载列车-轨道系统在各种复杂工况中的动态特性和相互作用机理，为长大重载列车运输系统提出切实可行的行车安全保障措施。

大力发展重载运输，加速提高铁路运输能力，是铁路发展的一个重要途径。本课题紧紧围绕重载列车纵向动力学计算、重载机车钩缓装置受压稳定性分析、车-轨耦合系统动力分析、大轴重机车车辆动力学性能分析等重载铁路运输关键技术问题开展理论和试验研究，取得了一系列研究成果，为提高我国重载铁路运输能力提供了技术参考和保障。主要研究内容及成果如下：.（1）在深入剖析空气制动系统模拟、车钩缓冲装置模拟以及数值积分方法等重载列车纵向动力学计算关键技术问题的基础上，提出了改进的缓冲器迟滞数学模型，建立了重载列车纵向动力学运动方程，研制了重载列车纵向动力学计算程序。.（2）建立了包含钩尾曲面-曲面接触摩擦单元的重载机车钩缓装置动力学分析模型，重点分析了钩尾摩擦弧面参数、机车二系悬挂参数等对扁销钩缓装置受压稳定性和机车运行安全性的影响；试验研究了缓冲器类型、车钩动态特性对机车动力学性能的影响；在此基础上，提出了钩缓装置受压稳定性优化设计方案，成功研制了具有高稳钩能力的新型前从板。.（3）基于虚拟激励法和辛数学方法，建立了车辆-轨道耦合系统动力学分析模型，实现了轨道车辆精细有限元模型的随机振动分析，并分析了轨道车辆随机振动的作用机理。.（4）经过技术创新和工艺改进，成功研制了适用于大轴重的轮轨力连续测量测力轮对，在抑制或消除串扰、提高测试灵敏度和消除轮轨接触点横移影响等方面进行了优化设计，具有较高的精确度和可靠性。.（5）通过30t轴重机车车辆试验数据综合分析，深入研究了30t轴重机车和货车车辆的轮轨动态作用和动力学特性，研究了运行安全性指标随轴重、线路工况、速度等因素的变化规律。.本项目以学术论文和试验报告为主要成果提交方式，共完成学术论文9篇，其中已发表6篇，已录用1篇，已投稿2篇；共完成5份试验报告部分章节；完成实用新型专利申报1项。积极开展学术交流和合作，参加国内会议2次。