The airborne dust, considering as an aerosol, exists in the Martian atmosphere. It affects the Martian atmosphere’s radiative balance by absorbing and scattering short-wave solar radiation, as well as absorbing and emitting long-wave infrared radiation. And its spatial distribution has a strong impact on the Martian meteorology and climate. The global scale Martian detached dust layers, typically at an altitude of 20-30 km, were firstly observed by the Mars Climate Sounder, aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which launched in 2005, while the origins of these vertically detached dust layers are still in debate. The mesoscale slope winds-induced circulation is considered as a possible origin of the Martian detached dust layers. To study the impacts of mesoscale atmospheric motion on the global scale detached dust layers on Mars, we propose, firstly, to simulate the slope winds-induced circulation in a Mars Mesoscale Model, then analysis and conclude its thermal and dynamical features. Secondly, based on the preceding mesoscale studies, a parameterization of the slope winds-induced circulation is designed and implemented in a Mars global climate model (GCM), to improve the GCM’s capacity on simulating the subgrid convection. Thirdly, the impacts of the slope winds-induced circulation on the produce and evolution of the detached dust layers are studied, through performing numerical experiments with the GCM, including the slope winds-induced circulation parameterization. The research of this project will provide theoretic and numerical-experimental supports in understating the origins of the detached dust layers on Mars.
沙尘在火星大气中以气溶胶的形式存在,它通过吸收和散射太阳辐射、吸收和发射红外辐射影响着火星大气的辐射平衡,沙尘的空间分布对了解火星气象及气候有着重要意义。2005年发射的火星勘测轨道飞行器上搭载的火星气候探测器首次观测到全球尺度的沙尘悬浮层结构,高度为20-30km,目前这种垂直悬浮结构的来源仍存在争议。中尺度的坡度风循环被认为可能是火星沙尘悬浮层的形成原因之一。为研究中尺度大气运动对火星全球大气沙尘悬浮层的影响,本项目提出,首先,在火星大气中尺度模式中模拟坡度风循环,并分析归纳其热力及动力特征;其次,在中尺度模拟的基础上,在火星全球气候模式中设计并实施坡度风循环参数化过程,使大尺度模式具备模拟次网格对流的能力;最后,通过利用包含坡度风循环参数化的全球气候模式开展数值模拟试验以探究火星坡度风循环对沙尘悬浮层产生及发展的影响。本项目将为解释火星沙尘悬浮层的来源提供理论和数值实验支持。
沙尘是火星大气中辐射效应最为显著的成分,其三维分布直接影响着火星大气辐射环境,NASA 2005年发射了火星勘测轨道飞行器,其上搭载的火星气候探测器首次发现了在火星大气距离地面20-30km处存在一沙尘富集层,这一悬浮沙尘层的形成机制是当前火星大气科学研究热点之一。.针对中小尺度坡度风循环可能是火星大气沙尘悬浮层形成机制,而现有火星全球气候模式(Mars Global Climate Model,GCM)无法模拟这一大气运动的难题,本项目首先以Olympus Mons火山为例,利用火星中尺度大气模式开展了坡度风循环的数值模拟研究,分析了坡度风循环的昼夜变化特征;其次,基于坡度风循环中尺度分析结果,在LMD Mars GCM中设计并实施了次网格尺度的坡度风循环物理参数化方案;最后,利用改进后的LMD Mars GCM开展了火星大气沙尘运动数值模拟研究,通过与遥感观测对比验证了参数化方案的有效性,改进后的GCM模拟出了遥感观测的沙尘悬浮层结构。.研究发现,坡度风循环的产生源于坡面大气与环境大气的温度差异,进而在日间产生沿坡向上的运动,而夜间由于大气条件的改变,近坡面大气沿坡向下运动,这一大气运动具有昼夜循环特征,因此可为大气沙尘提供持续的对流条件,这可能是维持火星大气沙尘常年悬浮的重要动力来源,中尺度数值模拟和改进后的LMD Mars GCM模拟结果也证实了这一点,沙尘悬浮层在坡度风循环的作用下,白天上升、夜间下降,但始终保持悬浮状态。.本项目的坡度风循环物理参数化方案有效地提高了GCM对火星大气次网格尺度垂直对流的模拟能力,目前参数化方案已被LMD相关团队集成至官方发布的Mars GCM中,面向全球科研及工程用户开放,用户可通过调用topmons_mod模块,使GCM具备次网格尺度的坡度风循环模拟能力,从而更为准确地模拟火星气象与气候条件。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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