To eliminate the invaded bacteria, especial circulating bacteria, is key to improve the prognosis of patients with infection. Our pilot studies found that both platelet and the substances released from platelet can enhance the ability of capturing circulating bacteria via promoting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Because high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), which also plays a critical role in promoting the formation of NET, is reached in platelet, we therefore hypothesize that the formation of NET can be promoted by platelets via HMGB-1. To test this hypothesis, cell culture and in vivo models would be used to test whether platelets promote NET formation by releasing its intracellular substances; the structure (amino acid sequence) and function of HMGB-1 from both platelet and other types of cells would be analyzed. To identify the role of HMGB-1 in NET formation induced by platelet, HMGB-1 would be blocked in vivo and in vitro, and NET formation would be investigated under confocal and super-resolution microscopy. To elucidate the involved mechanisms, Toll like receptors and RAGE would be blocked in the reaction system respectively, and the release of HMGB-1 and the formation of NET would be observed. This study would provide a theoretical and experimental evidence to understand the elimination of bacteria after their invasion of the body. Therefore, it may provide a feasible approach to improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
清除机体细菌,特别是血液循环中的细菌,是治疗感染的关键。我们的前期研究发现,血小板和其释放物质均能够通过促进中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NET) 形成提高捕获循环细菌的能力。由于血小板含有丰富高迁移率族蛋白(HMGB-1),它能够结合DNA而促进NET形成,提示血小板可能通过HMGB-1释放而促进NET形成。为此,本研究拟利用细胞培养和在体模型,研究血小板是否通过释放胞内物质而促进NET形成;通过分析不同细胞来源HMGB-1的氨基酸组成、功能,研究血小板源性HMGB-1的结构和功能特异性;通过体内、外三维立体动态观察、超分辨显微镜观察,并通过阻断HMGB-1,研究HMGB-1在血小板诱导NET形成中的作用;分别阻断反应体系中TLR和RAGE,研究HMGB-1的释放机制,以及介导NET形成机制。本课题的顺利实施将为NET的形成机制提供理论依据,并为临床抗感染治疗提供可行途径。
细菌感染是人类面临的重要健康问题之一,随着抗生素耐药日益加重,通过调节人体自身免疫预防和治疗感染已经成为研究热点。血小板作为人体主要的免疫/炎症效应细胞,可参与“血栓/炎症”双重作用。我们通过体外和动物试验发现,脂多糖(LPS)激活血小板后的产物可以促进中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NET)的形成,增强其吞噬细菌的能力,提高菌血症小鼠的生存率,而当血小板和白细胞相互作用减少时可能导致感染的发生。结合血小板含有丰富的可促进NET形成的高迁移率族蛋白(HMGB-1),我们发现如果阻断血小板源性的HMGB-1会降低NET形成及中性粒细胞对细菌的吞噬能力,也会降低菌血症小鼠的生存率。通过封闭血小板表面的Toll样受体4(TLR4)可以影响血小板源性HMGB-1的生成,进而降低中性粒细胞对细菌的吞噬能力和小鼠的生存率,同样如果抑制中性粒细胞内的Myd88也可发挥类似作用。因此本研究发现LPS可能通过结合血小板上的TLR4激活血小板释放HMGB-1,进而通过中性粒细胞内的Myd88参与调节NET形成。同时通过对脓毒症和行体外循环(CPB)进行治疗的患者的临床研究发现,炎症状态下血小板表面炎症相关抗原较健康人表达明显增加,对比细菌性炎症和非细菌性炎症可发现细菌性炎症时血小板TLR4阳性表达更加明显,CPB后发生感染的患者TLR4表达相对减弱,提示TLR4参与感染性疾病时的免疫调控,但是对比CPB后发生急性肾损伤和神经系统并发症的患者与未发生相关并发症的患者可发现,如果TLR4表达过强,亦有可能导致炎症反应过度进而引起器官损伤。本课题的成功实施,不仅探索了血小板源性HMGB-1介导NET形成的机制,更寻找到了与患者预后明显相关的血小板免疫特征,这有望早期评估患者预后,并通过监测甚至调节血小板特征性免疫亚群,调控患者自身免疫反应改善感染患者,尤其是抗生素耐药的感染患者的预后,为其治疗提供新的方向。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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