基于双重结构因素的有机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理研究

As an important type of flocculation materials, organic polymer flocculants, including synthetic and natural ones, have been paid much attention and widely applied, due to their characteristics of wide availability and high efficiency. However, research on flocculation mechanisms of these flocculants is still insufficient until now. Most of flocculation behaviors have been simply explained from the traditional flocculation mechanisms such as bridging or charge neutralization mechanism. As a consequence, it is difficult to describe the detailed flocculation processes in the microscopic scale. In order to guide the exploitation of novel polymeric flocculants and optimization of flocculation process more scientifically and effectively, a systematical study on flocculation mechanisms of organic polymer flocculants is intended to carry out from two structural aspects in the current work. On the one hand, from the viewpoint of aggregation of flocs during the flocculation processes and their porous structure characteristics, a precise flocculation kinetics equation on the basis of the classical Smoluchowski's collision kinetics model is developed combination of Fractal theory. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the distinct morphologies of the flexible long chains of organic polymers in solutions, the solution properties of polymer flocculants and their effects on the adsorption to the surface of flocs will also be investigated by modern polymer solution characterization techniques, in order to study the adsorption mechanisms further. Then, combination of the aforementioned two aspects, the flocculation performances of organic polymer flocculants will be investigate and discussed on the basis of the structure properties of both flocs and flocculants. Finally, the structure-activity relationship will be built, and the reasonable flocculation mechanisms will be proposed.

有机高分子絮凝剂，包括合成高分子和天然高分子絮凝剂，作为一类重要的水处理剂材料，由于其具有来源广、高效等特点而备受关注并被广泛应用。但其絮凝机理还研究得不够充分，仅是简单套用粘结架桥或电中和凝聚机制，很难从微观尺度详细描述其絮凝过程及机理。为了更为科学、有效地指导新型絮凝剂的开发，优化絮凝工艺，实现从理论指导实践的目的，本项目拟从两方面结构因素入手研究有机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理。一方面，针对实际絮体在絮凝过程中的演化及其多孔性结构特征，采用分形理论，对Smoluchowski经典动力学模型进行修正，系统研究其絮凝动力学过程；另一方面，针对有机高分子絮凝剂特殊柔性长链的结构特征，采用现代高分子溶液表征技术，系统研究其在溶液中结构形态的变化规律，及其对高分子絮凝剂在絮体表面发生吸附作用的影响，讨论其吸附净化机制。从絮体及高分子絮凝剂两方面结构因素解释其絮凝性能，建立构效关系，提出合理的絮凝机理。

有机高分子絮凝剂作为一类重要的水处理剂材料，由于其具有来源广、高效等特点而备受关注并被广泛应用。但其絮凝机理还研究得不够充分，仅是简单套用粘结架桥或电中和凝聚机制，很难从微观尺度详细描述其絮凝过程及机理。为了更为科学、有效地指导新型絮凝剂的开发，优化絮凝工艺，实现从理论指导实践的目的，本项目从两方面结构因素入手研究有机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理。一方面，针对实际絮体在絮凝过程中的演化及其多孔性结构特征，采用分形理论，对Smoluchowski经典动力学模型进行修正，系统研究其絮凝动力学过程；另一方面，针对有机高分子絮凝剂特殊柔性长链的结构特征，采用现代高分子溶液表征技术，系统研究其在溶液中结构形态的变化规律，及其对高分子絮凝剂在絮体表面发生吸附作用的影响，讨论其吸附净化机制。从絮体及高分子絮凝剂两方面结构因素解释其絮凝性能，建立构效关系，提出合理的絮凝机理。