Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a major component in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle apoptosis was often observed in individuals with T2D. Increased apoptosis contributes to muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction. However, it has not been revealed whether skeletal muscle cell apoptosis is a main contributor to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and T2D. Bax and Bak are two important pro-apoptotic genes. The apoptosis is preceded by activation of Bax and Bak, which form heterodimers on mitochondrial membrane. In this study, to explore the role of cell apoptosis in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and T2D, skeletal muscle cell apoptosis will be prevented by Bax and Bak genes knock out. Apart from apoptosis promoting function, Bax and Bak also play important roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory factors regulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are main contributors to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and T2D. To elucidate whether Bax and Bak contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and T2D through their non-apoptotic responses, mitochondrial function and inflammatory factors level will also be detected in skeletal muscle with or without Bax and Bak deficiency in this study. The aim of this study is to look for new therapeutic targets for T2D through exploring the effect and mechanism of muscle-specific Bax and Bak deficiency on skeletal muscle insulin resistance and T2D.
骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗是II型糖尿病(T2D)的发病基础。多数T2D患者的骨骼肌内常伴有细胞凋亡现象。细胞凋亡是造成肌肉萎缩,功能退化的一个重要原因,但细胞凋亡是否是造成骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及T2D的重要原因却鲜有人探讨。Bax和Bak是两个重要的促凋亡基因,两者二聚体的形成是引发细胞凋亡的必需信号。在本研究中,我们拟通过Bax和Bak基因敲除的方式抑制骨骼肌细胞凋亡的发生,从而明确细胞凋亡在骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及T2D中的作用。除此之外,Bax和Bak还被证实具有影响线粒体发生、促进线粒体功能异常及促进炎症因子表达等作用,而线粒体功能异常及炎症反应是促进骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及T2D的重要因素。因此,我们还拟对Bax和Bak敲除后骨骼肌内的线粒体功能及炎症因子的表达进行检测,以明确Bax和Bak是否通过非促凋亡途径参与了骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及T2D过程。本课题旨在通过上述研究为T2D的防治提供新的思路和治疗靶点
骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的主要发病基础。许多2型糖尿病患者的骨骼肌内常伴有细胞凋亡现象的发生。细胞凋亡是造成肌肉萎缩、功能退化的一个重要原因,但细胞凋亡是否是造成骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病的重要原因却鲜有人探讨。Bax和Bak是两个重要的促凋亡基因,这两个基因二聚体的形成是引发细胞凋亡的重要步骤。在本研究中,我们通过不同基因型的小鼠(Cre+/?(骨骼肌特异性)Bax+/+Bak+/+、Baxflox/floxBak+/+、Bax+/+Bak-/-)杂交、Tamoxifen诱导的方式得到骨骼肌Bax和Bak双基因敲除小鼠,通过高脂喂养+小剂量STZ注射的方式构建2型糖尿病小鼠模型,以此明确Bax和Bak基因缺失对骨骼肌细胞凋亡、胰岛素信号传递、线粒体功能、炎症因子表达、p38MAPK信号通路活化等方面的影响;以高糖刺激的方式构建骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗体外细胞模型,通过预先向高糖诱导的Bax-/-Bak-/-骨骼肌细胞中加入p38MAPK通路激活剂的方式明确p38MAPK在胰岛素抵抗中作用。结果发现:骨骼肌Bak和Bak基因缺失能够明显改善糖尿病小鼠的胰岛素抵抗;降低其骨骼肌细胞浆内的细胞色素c含量和caspase 3活性,避免骨骼肌细胞内p38MAPK通路的过度活化及改善受损的PKB/Akt胰岛素信号通路。除此之外,在高糖诱导的Bax-/-Bak-/-骨骼肌细胞中预先加入p38MAPK通路激活剂,能够明显削弱Bax和Bak基因缺失形成的胰岛素信号通路改善。由此,我们得到如下结论:1)骨骼肌Bax和Bak缺失能够改善高脂+STZ诱导的胰岛素抵抗;2)Bax和Bak缺失能够通过避免骨骼肌细胞内的p38MAPK通路过度活化来改善细胞内的PKB/Akt胰岛素信号通路,增加细胞葡萄糖转运和糖原合成能力。上述研究结果对于明确Bax和Bak基因在胰岛素抵抗相关的肥胖、代谢综合征及2型糖尿病的作用具有积极的意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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