多主体、多目标、多时空尺度下的电力系统应急优化的理论与方法

The optimization of power system emergency management is important for improving the ability of power system emergency response and reducing the outage losses after a big blackout. The multi-objective optimization problems of power system emergency management under an uncertain environment are focused on this project. First, the optimization models and methods under the uncertain environment for planning power system emergency locations, resources and paths are proposed based on the graph theory and complex network theory. Then, the optimization models for real-time power system emergency dispatching with multi-participants, multi-objectives and multi-spatio-temporal scales are built, and the dynamic coordinated optimization strategies for power system emergency response are presented by considering the integration of multi-source information. Based on this, the multi-phase coordinated optimization models under the uncertain environment for power system restoration are proposed. Finally, the evaluating and decision-making system for the whole process of power system emergency management is proposed based on complex large group decision-making theory. Thus, the coordinated optimization problems in the process of power system emergency, such as the planning of emergency locations, resources and paths, real-time dispatching, emergency response, and power system restoration, could be solved. The evaluating system for the whole process of power system emergency management could be obtained, and then the pre-arranged emergency schemes for a blackout can be improved. As a result, it will be helpful for quick restoration of actual power systems after a blackout.

电力系统应急优化对提高发生大停电事件时电力系统的应急响应能力、降低停电损失具有重要意义。针对不确定性环境下的电力系统应急多目标优化问题，本课题首先采用图论和复杂网络理论建立不确定性条件下电力系统应急的选址规划、应急资源与路径优化配置的模型与方法；接着，研究基于多主体、多目标、多时空尺度的电力系统应急实时调度模型与优化方法，并提出基于多源信息融合的电力系统应急响应的动态协调优化策略；在此基础上，研究不确定性条件下的电力系统应急恢复的多阶段综合协调优化模型及其求解方法；最后，提出基于复杂大群体决策理论的电力系统应急全过程的评估体系。通过该课题的研究，解决了电力系统应急的各个环节中的选址规划、资源与路径配置、实时调度、应急响应、电力系统恢复的综合协调优化问题，形成了电力系统应急全过程的评估体系，完善了电力系统的应急预案，为实现大停电后电力系统的快速恢复具有较高的理论价值和应用前景。

构建电力系统防灾应急体系、完善电力应急服务机制、优化电力系统应急策略对提升电力系统应急保障能力、降低停电损失意义重大。本课题以不确定性环境下的电力系统应急为研究对象，研究大停电发生前后的电力系统应急规划、调度、恢复策略的多目标优化模型与方法。研究主要成果如下：1）提出了考虑负荷点停电风险的电力应急服务单点和多点选址的优化模型，以及计及负荷和调配时间不确定性的防灾应急电源优化配置模型，有望提高电力应急资源运送的时效性，对快速恢复供电及降低停电损失具有重要作用。2）提出了以各失电用户总停电损失之和最小为目标的城市移动应急电源的实时调度优化模型；以及计及多重不确定性因素影响的防灾应急电源优化调度模型，有望合理调度移动应急电源，提高城市电力系统应急处理能力进而最大限度地降低停电损失。3）提出了以最大化系统可用发电容量和恢复路径重要度为目标的网络重构多目标双层优化模型，以及计及线路投运风险的恢复路径鲁棒优化模型与方法，有助于提升电力系统大停电后的恢复速度，减少停电损失和社会影响。4）构建了计及发电机的有功发电容量和重要有功负荷量及其分布情况的电力系统自愈恢复优化模型，以及最优恢复路径序列和目标骨架网络的优化模型与方法，为实现大停电后电力系统的快速恢复做出贡献。