引入激励与甄别机制的销售电价非线性定价模型研究

The pricing mechanism of electricity retail is the research focus of the scientific theories and technologies of the economic mechanism of smart demand side management(abr. DSM), and the key theoretical support for the successful implementation of the smart grid and energy strategy in the electricity consumption.Due to lack of information exchange, traditional DSM didn't grub the potential efficiency of electricity cunsumption. In the project, the nonlinear pricing models of electricity retail tariff will be established under the conditions of government's incentive regulation, in which the incentive and screening mechanisms will be applied, and with enhancement of the interaction of the grid and consumers from the classifed pricing and slef-selective pricing two ways: firstly apply with the peak load theory and the marginal cost theory to built the electrical supply cost models, and study the characteristics and the modeling approaches of the electrical consumers' demand from the dimensions of market segments in the incremental consumption and the use time; secondly in the perfect information assumptions, on the basis of dual pricing criteria of cost and demand, use optimization theory and methods to construct the optimal block price model, the Time-of-use(abr. TOU) price model considering the energy efficiency, and the joint optimization price model between two-part and TOU; thirdly in the asymmetric information assumptions regard the power consumption as a decentralized decision-making process of asymmetric information game, and utilize the principal-agent theory, the game theory, the information screening and the mechanism design theory to research the equilibrium of self-selective retail tariff and its rate design models, which will breakthrough the constraints on the government pricing theory of electricity retail due to asymmetric demand information through the date design screening cunsumers' demand information. Finally, set up a software test platform to verify.

销售电价价格机制是智能需求侧管理之经济机制科学理论研究的重点，是智能电网和能源战略在用电环节成功实施的理论支撑。针对传统需求侧管理因信息交互不足，未充分挖掘用电效率潜力的缺陷，在政府激励性管制条件下，构建引入激励和甄别机制的销售电价非线性定价模型，从用户需求分类定价和自选择费率双重途径增强供需双方的互动性：应用高峰负荷和边际成本理论建立用户供电成本模型，从消费增量和用电时间维度细分市场，研究消费者用电需求特性和建模方法；在完全信息假设条件下，基于成本与需求双准则，应用优化理论和方法,构建最优阶梯电价模型、考虑能效的峰谷分时电价模型和两部制分时电价联合优化模型；将电力消费视为非对称信息博弈的分散决策过程，应用委托-代理、博弈论、信息甄别和机制设计理论，研究用户自选择销售电价的均衡及其费率设计模型，通过电价设计甄别用户需求信息，突破非对称需求信息对销售电价政府定价理论的制约。搭建软件测试平台。

销售电价价格机制是智能需求侧管理之经济机制科学理论研究的重点，是智能电网和能源战略在用电环节成功实施的理论支撑。本项目针对传统需求侧管理因信息交互不足，未充分挖掘用电效率潜力的缺陷，开展了供电成本和用电需求特性分析与建模研究，基于成本和需求双准则建立了多种非线性销售电价模型，构建了引入激励和甄别机制自选择销售电价模型，从分类定价和自选择费率双重途径增强了供需双方的互动性，搭建了电力价格计算模拟及政策分析软件。取得的主要研究成果如下：.1. 应用边际成本、电力系统优化运行及产能决策理论，研究电力体制与市场、电源结构与系统运行方式、用电需求时序变化以及电价政策对供电成本的影响，针对不同条件构建了边际供电成本模型；揭示出峰荷责任法不足的根本成因是其未能反映发输电容量取决于供电成本和可靠性的综合效益，引入供电可靠性和负荷模式，提出了改进的边际容量成本计算方法；初步探讨了清洁能源补贴政策和微网运行方式及其对供电成本的影响。.2. 应用消费者需求和行为分析理论，从消费增量、用电时间、负荷特性多维度构造用电消费细分市场，构建了计及峰谷时段、消费增量及负荷率分档的用电需求价格弹性模型；引入消费者类型参数，建立了消费者用电需求和可中断成本效益的多元函数，反映了个体用户用电需求和中断需求的异质性；采用实地问卷调研与计量经济分析方法，对西南某地区居民用电需求弹性研究进行了一次探索。.3. 在完美信息条件假设下，应用规制经济学、电力价格理论和非线性定价理论，研究了基于成本与需求双准则的销售电价建模问题，构建了居民阶梯电价、中小用户多部制电价、居民分时阶梯电价、负荷率峰谷电价及负荷模式自识别式两部制峰谷电价多种非线性定价模型；各种非线性销售电价模型，从多元维度识别消费者供电成本和用电需求的异质性，进一步挖掘和优化了经济效率与需求调整多重定价目标。.4. 放松完美信息条件假设，应用激励机制设计理论、逆向选择和消费者效用理论、委托-代理理论，研究了用户自选择销售电价设计模型，揭示出递减式两部制电价、负荷率电价和可中断电价均满足可分离均衡条件，构建了中小用户两部制自选择电价模型、引入甄别机制的负荷率销售电价模型、激励性可中断自选择电价模型，探讨了帕累托改进的实现途径。