蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽遗传分化的研究（半翅目：蝽科）

A. chinensis and A. custos (Hemiptera: Asopinae: Arma) are important natural enemy insects species that can effectively suppress pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera and so on. As two independent species, A. chinensis and A. custos were slightly different in humeral angel and paramere. Previous studies have shown that these two species were continuous variable in diagnosis characters, we computed intra- and inter-specific distance based on COI and cytb, the results more accorded with intraspecific variations. We also built the phylogenetic tree and the results also did not support their monophyly. We speculated that they maybe the same species, just because geography or climate factors lead to the phenotypic differentiation gradually. Combining the comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, molecular data and chromosome karyotype techinique, this research aims to reveal the genetic diversity of the two species in the four aspects, analyze the genetic differentiation and gene flow and clarify the species boundary and classification. The results are meaningful in resolving the systematic relationships of intra- and inter-species, and providing scientific evidence for the biological control of insect natural enemy and its biological research.

蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽隶属于半翅目益蝽亚科蠋蝽属，为重要的天敌昆虫，可以捕食鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目及半翅目等多个目的害虫。由于在前胸背板侧角、阳基侧突等鉴定特征上略有差异，它们作为两个独立的种存在。本课题前期的研究显示蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽在鉴定特征上存在连续变异，基于线粒体COI基因和cytb基因计算的种内种间遗传距离显示两者更符合种内变异，同时构建的系统进化树结果亦不支持两者的单系性。我们推测这两个种可能为同一物种，只是由于地理或气候等原因逐渐产生了表型分化。因此，本研究拟以蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽为研究材料，通过综合使用传统形态学、几何形态学、分子数据和染色体核型进行研究，揭示这两个种在形态学、染色体核型及基因上的遗传多样性，分析其遗传分化程度和基因流，并据此明确两个种的物种界限和分类地位。研究结果对解决种内和种间的系统分类问题具有参考意义，并为昆虫天敌的生物防治和生物学研究提供基础科学依据。

蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽隶属于半翅目益蝽亚科蠋蝽属，为重要的天敌昆虫，可以捕食鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目及半翅目等多个目的害虫。由于在前胸背板侧角、阳基侧突等鉴定特征上略有差异，它们作为两个独立的种存在。本课题研究结果显示蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽在鉴定特征上存在连续变异，基于线粒体COI基因和cytb基因计算的种内种间遗传距离显示两者更符合种内变异，基于贝叶斯、最大似然法、最大简约法及邻接法构建的系统进化树结果亦不支持两者的单系性。同时，我们结合物种的外部形态特征、线粒体全基因组数据、染色体核型分析以及地理分布情况，将蠋蝽和欧亚蠋蝽合并为同一个物种，即蠋蝽Arma chinensis是欧亚蠋蝽Arma custosde 的次异名。研究结果对解决种内和种间的系统分类问题具有参考意义，并为昆虫天敌的生物防治和生物学研究提供基础科学依据。