深部高应力下镐形截齿破岩特性及诱导调控机理

Non-explosive mechanized large-scale mining in hard ore-rock is still a worldwide problem. However, high stress in deep mine, which is originally as a disaster-causing factor, can be steadily induced for in-situ improvement of rock cuttability as the mining extends deeper. Based on the full understanding of stress conditions in deep mine, the rock indentation and cutting experiments, coupled static-dynamic rock fragmentation experiments, fragmentation experiments of rock with pre-flaws and the corresponding theoretical and numerical analyses will be conducted to investigate the influences of stress conditions, loading modes of conical pick and unloading-induced free-faces in rock on the rock fragmentation using a conical pick. Then, the suitable stress conditions and the associated change paths, which are beneficial to improvement of rock cuttability, will be expounded. The reasonable loading modes of pick for improving fragmentation efficiency will be revealed, and the favourable structures of pre-flaws and their prefabrication methods will be explored. These tasks can make a theoretical foundation for precisely induced regulation of high stress in deep mine. In addition, comprehensive analyses will be conducted to find the key factors influencing rock cuttability and its in-situ improvement strategies. The excavation scheme, which can induce high stress for rock pre-fracturing and prevent disastrous rock failure, will be designed. Finally, the theory and methodology about the induced regulation of high stress in deep mine will be established to provide theoretical and technical support for non-explosive mechanized large-scale mining of deep hard ore-rock.

硬岩矿体的非爆机械化规模开采目前还是世界性难题，然而随着采矿向深部延伸，原本易于致灾的深部高应力有望被平稳诱导用于原位改善硬岩矿体的可截割性。本项目在充分认识深部采矿应力环境的基础上，通过不同应力构成及应力水平下镐型截齿静力侵入和直线截割破岩实验、动静组合破岩实验、含诱导缺陷岩体的破岩实验以及相应的理论与数值分析，揭示应力环境、破岩载荷模式、诱导卸荷自由面对镐型截齿破岩的影响机制，阐明能够有效改善硬岩矿体可截割性的应力环境及其改变路径，探寻可切实提高截齿破岩效率的动静载荷组合模式，获得有利于破岩的岩体内部缺陷结构及预制方法，为实现深部高应力精准诱导调控奠定理论基础。综合分析岩石可截割性关键影响因素和原位改善策略，探明有利于高应力诱导致裂岩体并可预防岩体失稳灾害的采矿工程开挖方案，形成深部高应力精准诱导调控理论与方法体系，为深部硬岩矿体非爆机械化规模开采提供理论与技术支撑。

硬岩矿体的非爆机械化规模开采目前还是世界性难题。本项目在充分认识深部采矿应力环境的基础上，通过不同应力构成及应力水平下完整岩样和含诱导缺陷岩样的截割特性试验及理论分析，揭示了应力环境、破岩载荷模式、诱导卸荷自由面对镐型截齿破岩的影响机制，阐明了能够有效改善硬岩矿体可截割性的应力环境及其改变路径，探寻了可切实提高截齿破岩效率的动静载荷组合模式，获得了有利于破岩的岩体诱导缺陷结构开挖形式，构建了非爆机械化开采适用性判据模型，为实现深部高应力精准诱导调控奠定了理论基础。综合分析了岩石可截割性关键影响因素和原位改善策略，探明了有利于高应力诱导致裂岩体并可预防岩体失稳灾害的采矿工程开挖方案，形成了深部高应力精准诱导调控理论与方法体系，为深部硬岩矿体非爆机械化开采提供了理论与技术支撑，促进了深部硬岩矿体安全高效连续化开采。