用于深空探测器高精度角位置确定的VLBI相位参考技术研究

Using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) phase-referencing technology, through observation of the deep-space explorer’s onboard radio beacon is able to determinate its accurate space angular position by imaging or direct solution. This is a rapidly developing cutting-edge deep-space spacecraft tracking technique in the world. In Chinese Lunar exploration project, VLBI group delay, Ranging and Doppler data have been used to achieve lunar prober’s angle position accuracy with tens milli-arc-seconds (mas). Along with the in-depth development of deep-space explorations, the future Chinese lunar or Mars projects need much more accurate VLBI data to support mission accomplishment and scientific exploration activities. VLBI phase-referencing is a method which uses fast-switching or in-beam method to observe the target spacecraft and suitable nearby calibrator source to remove common errors to achieve very high angle positioning accuracy. To meet the requirements of Chinese future lunar or interplanetary deep-space exploration projects, this project aims at the key prospective VLBI phase-referencing positioning technology and plans to improve deep-space spacecraft angular determination precision to mas level. It consists of VLBI phase-referencing imaging and direct solution angular position determination techniques, near-field target's UVW calculation, and accurate time delay calculation methods. These achievements can be used in future high accuracy deep-space spacecraft positioning, planetary science research and so on.

采用甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)相位参考技术，通过对深空探测器无线电信标成图或直接解算实现探测器精密角位置确定，是一项国际正在发展的深空精密测量新技术。我国探月工程采用VLBI群时延综合测距数据，对探测器的测角精度已达几十毫角秒。随着深空探测的发展，未来月球及火星探测在工程和科学研究方面均需要更高的测量精度。VLBI相位参考技术以快速交替或同波束模式观测目标源与临近校准源，尽可能消除传播路径误差等系统误差，能大幅度提高测量精度。本项目面向我国未来月球及行星际深空探测需求，开展前瞻性VLBI探测器相位参考关键技术研究，有望将深空探测器角位置精度提高至毫角秒。主要内容包括：VLBI相位参考成图定位技术、相位参考直接解算定位技术、近场目标UVW计算方法、高精度近场目标几何时延预测及观测验证。这些成果可用于未来深空探测器高精度测量、行星科学研究和射电天文相关处理机。

采用甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)相位参考技术，通过对深空探测器无线电信标成图或直接解算，实现探测器精密角位置确定，是一项国际正在发展的深空精密测量新技术。我国探月工程采用VLBI群时延综合测距数据，对探测器的测角精度已达几十毫角秒。随着深空探测的发展，未来月球及火星探测在工程和空间科学研究方面均需要更高的测量精度。VLBI相位参考技术以快速交替或同波束模式观测目标源与临近校准源，尽可能消除传播路径误差等系统误差，能大幅度提高测量精度。本项目面向我国未来月球与行星探测、空间科学研究等需求，前瞻性地开展了VLBI探测器相位参考关键技术研究，将深空探测器角位置精度提高至毫角秒。项目主要内容包括：VLBI相位参考成图定位技术、相位参考直接解算定位技术、近场目标UVW计算方法、高精度近场目标几何时延预测及观测验证。项目在用于深空探测器高精度角位置确定的VLBI相位参考关键技术方面获得了突破。研究成果可用于未来深空探测器高精度测量及行星科学研究和射电天文相关处理机。