物理与价值变质的产品供应链库存优化与协调模型研究

The deterioration of product will affect the operation of production, so it becomes an important factor which can not be ignored in inventory management decision-making. Up to now, the research on deterioration product supply chain management is mainly for physical deterioration product, very little for the value deterioration product. There is no report about research on the physical and value deterioration product yet. However, with advances in technology and development of social and economic, more and more products can be considered with the occurrence of physical deterioration and value deterioration simultaneously, and then the value of product will effected its demand. In this project, based on in-depth analysis of characteristics of the deterioration product and its impact on denmand, the express of the demand for the product and its value is established. Then, according to the theory of supply chain management and using the optimization modeling approach, this project does research on supply chain inventory management decision-making strategies and coordination policies for the simultaneous physical deterioration and value deterioration product, and explore the optimization ording and shipment policy and the effective coordination mechanism for it. The research work of the project expands the research field of supply chain management theory, and provides new theory and method for scientific decision-making of deterioration supply chain management.

产品的变质对企业生产营运产生影响，所以它是库存管理决策不可忽视的重要因素之一。迄今，关于变质产品供应链管理的研究主要针对物理性变质产品，很少关于价值性变质产品的成果。尚未有同时物理性变质和价值性变质产品供应链的研究成果。然而，随着技术的进步和社会、经济的发展，越来越多的产品被认为同时发生物理性变质和价值性变质，并且产品的价值会影响顾客对产品的需求。本项目在深入分析变质产品的特征及其与需求的关系的基础上，建立了产品的需求与其价值的联系。然后，依据供应链管理理论，采用最优化建模方法，首次对同时发生物理性变质和价值性变质产品供应链的库存管理决策优化和协调策略进行研究，探索此类变质产品供应链联合库存管理的最优订购、运输策略和有效的协调机制。本课题的研究拓展了供应链管理理论的研究领域，为变质产品供应链管理的科学决策提供了新的理论和方法。

随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展，供应链管理日益受到企业的广泛重视。产品的采购是供应链管理中非常重要的一个环节，订购量的大小决定企业生产与销售的顺畅及资金的调度。订购量过大，将会造成过高的存货储备成本与资金积压，订购数量过小，则提高采购成本提高与损失销售机会等。现实中，影响产品的采购决策的因素很多且关系复杂。本项目应用采购与供应链管理理论、数学建模方法和最优化原理，研究了复杂生产环境下供应链决策问题。首先，分别考虑受产品质量非完美、变质和采用信用支付等影响的经济订购批量问题，通过分析采购活动的收入和支出，建立优化利润或成本的模型，给出确定最优订购数量的公式或计算方法；其次，分析了一些常用合同及其组合对供应链协调的作用，主要考虑需求售价格影响和零售商的行为对决策影响。建立优化决策模型，确定零售商最优订购批量和供应链的最优生产批量；研究在常用合同及其组合下零售商的决策问题，找出最优订购批量计算公式；通过分析订购量，找出供应链协调合同的重要参数必须满足的条件。本项目的研究取得了一批有特色的成果，丰富了供应链管理理论，为供应链管理实践提供了理论支持和决策依据。