2.25Cr1Mo is a widely used pressure vessels steel with long-term exposure to the intermediate service temperature. In this environment, it is very susceptive to the secondary tempering brittleness caused mainly by P and other impurities. In this project, based on the mechanism of grain boundary segregation, the Mg treatment technology is introduced into 2.25Cr1Mo steel. The segregation of Mg at grain boundary and refinement of carbides in steel are used to reduce the degree of secondary tempering brittleness. . The influence of trace Mg on the secondary tempering brittleness of 2.25Cr1Mo steel will be investigated by the step-cooling test and aging brittleness test for the 2.25Cr1Mo steels with different Mg and P levels. The Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and the first-principles calculations will be employed to analyze the Mg segregation behavior at grain boundary and its effect on the characteristics of precipitates. Moreover, the effect of Mg on the grain boundary segregation of P will be clarified, and the interaction between Mg and P will also be explored, which uses to illuminate the mechanism of Mg on the tempering brittleness. Furthermore, the grain boundary segregation mechanism of the secondary tempering brittleness will be clarified as well. In general, the results of this study not only have great importance for understanding the effect of Mg in steel, but also provide a new way to reduce the tempering brittleness tendency of Cr-Mo steel.
2.25Cr1Mo钢是一种广泛应用的压力容器用钢,因长期在中温环境服役,钢中P等微量杂质元素引起的第二类回火脆性是其主要失效形式。基于晶界偏聚机制,本项目将钢液Mg处理引入到2.25Cr1Mo钢中,利用Mg晶界偏聚、细化钢中碳化物等方面的潜在优势,以期获得改善第二类回火脆性的效果。. 项目采用分级冷却试验和长期时效脆性试验对不同Mg、P含量的实验钢回火脆性倾向进行评定;采用俄歇电子能谱和三维原子探针等,结合第一性原理计算,获得Mg的晶界偏聚行为及其对晶界析出相的影响规律,同时探究微量Mg对P的晶界偏聚行为的影响,获得Mg与钢中P之间存在的可能交互作用规律。本项目旨在阐明Mg对第二类回火脆性影响机理,同时进一步澄清第二类回火脆性的晶界偏聚机制。研究工作不但对认识微量Mg在钢中的作用具有重要的科学意义,而且可为降低Cr-Mo钢第二类回火脆性倾向提供一种新的途径。
钢液Mg处理净化钢液和变质夹杂物作用已广泛被业内接受,但有关Mg作为微合金元素的作用并未引起足够的重视,尤其在微量Mg对钢晶界状态影响方面鲜有报道。本项目以易发生有害杂质元素晶界偏聚诱发第二类回火脆性的2.25Cr1Mo钢为对象,采用俄歇电子能谱研究了步冷处理和580℃长期时效条件下钢中Mg的晶界偏聚行为及其对P、S元素晶界偏聚量的影响,结合理论计算手段系统分析了Mg处理对钢第二类回火脆倾向的影响与机理。.结果发现,钢的脆化倾向与P含量存在密切关系。随着P由0.002%增至0.05%,钢的回火脆化敏感性系数由-51.4℃升至174℃,580℃时效100h后冲击韧性降低幅度由14%增至47%,钢的回火脆性显著增加,建议钢中P控制0.002wt.%为宜。钢液Mg处理可对实验钢回火脆倾向产生有益影响,但其有益作用会受钢中P含量的影响。当P含量为0.056%时,0.005%Mg处理钢回火脆化敏感性系数降至147.3℃,脆化倾向降低。而P含量为0.002%时,Mg处理钢的回火脆化系数较未处理前增加至15.3℃,脆化倾向增加。580℃长期时效后,不同P条件下进行Mg处理钢冲击韧性演变规律与步冷实验结果一致。俄歇电子能谱表明,Mg处理钢在步冷前后均会存在Mg元素晶界偏聚现象,且步冷处理可进一步增加Mg元素晶界偏聚量。在低P条件下(0.002%)加Mg后,晶界P偏聚量较低,Mg的晶界偏聚在一定程度上增加了S的晶界偏聚浓度,且Mg自身偏聚浓度较高,增加钢的回火脆性倾向。在高P条件下(0.056%)添加Mg后,Mg、P、S会共同偏聚于晶界,三者的共偏聚在一定程度上降低P、S的偏聚含量,降低钢的回火脆性倾向。此外,Mg添加降低实验钢的回火脆性与Mg促进铁素体形成及Mg细化晶界析出相也有一定关系。通过第一性原理计算发现,Mg和P都易偏聚于晶界,且P的偏聚性更强。同时,晶界处的Mg原子会大大降低P原子的晶界偏聚倾向性,降低晶界P原子的浓度。这是高P条件下Mg处理在一定程度上降低钢第二类回火脆倾向的又一原因。项目研究结果表明,Mg处理引入至2.25Cr1Mo钢可适当放宽钢中的P元素含量,这对2.25Cr1Mo钢冶炼制备将具有重要的现实意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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