.基于苜蓿草刈割期茎叶力学化学特性的机械化收获压扁机理研究

It is not better adaptability to mower in the modern time because of confined by the type of Alfalfa、topography、terrain and other factors, and it is poor properties in comprehensive mechanical performance about the Flattening system of domestic mower. Flattening quality is unstable, the power in working condition is consumed highly and the reliability is poor.The stems and leaves of Alfalfa in harvesting period will be studied. the main mechanical properties will be tested in the microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine; the main chemical composition such as the protein will be tested with Х.Н.Починок and SCHNEDER methods, respectively, analysis the relationship between the mechanical and chemical properties. Based on these technology results, integrating with agricultural machine and agronomic, combined with the IDEF(integrated definition method) technology, the system dynamic model of " Alfalfa - flattening device " will be established; by the relationship with the function of alfalfa between biomechanics and key components, all of the data will be integrated and matrix operations, the dynamics analysis and dynamic simulation of Flattening roller are performed by using ANSYS CFX software which are combined the hydro kinematics with numerical value; By means of testing and analysis, to achieve the key parametric analysis，simulation components and alfalfa stems finite element model, SolidWork the results into the system and virtual assembly design , construct physical models; Through field experments, sample flattening machine will be tested and further to verify the model’s reliability, the Flattening strength, rotation rates of rollers、structures and shapes、power consumption, etc, will be quantitative studied, The inherent laws to reduce the power consumption of mowing squashed and improve the Mower Conditioners’ flattening quality will be explored, and discovering the mechanism of biomechanical properties of alfalfa and mechanized mowing flattening; Based on above all, to develop better adaptability and reliability about Mower Conditioners provide a theoretical basis for the development of grass products industry, further to solve complex technical problems and provide the directional results.

针对现有割草机受苜蓿种类、地形地貌等因素限制，适应性较差，国产割草机压扁系统综合机械性能不高，压扁质量不稳定，功耗大，可靠性差等问题，以苜蓿草刈割期茎叶为研究对象，在微控电子万能试验机上测力学特性；用波钦诺克和修奈达氏等法测压扁前后蛋白质等化学指标；分析力学化学相关性；完善数据库，并以此为技术工具,农机农艺融合,用IDEF 法建立“苜蓿草-压扁装置”系统动力学模型,用ADAMS和ANSYS CFX通用流体数值软件进行动力学分析与流态模拟；经测试分析,优化模型并将优化后数据导入Solid Work进行系统结构设计与虚拟装配,构建实体模型。经田间试验，验证模型可靠性。定量研究压扁力，功耗，压辊转速和结构形状等相关性；探索减少压扁功耗和提高压扁质量的内在规律，揭示苜蓿草机械化收获压扁机理；为开发适应性强,可靠性好的割草压扁机提供理论依据,更为解决我国草产业发展技术瓶颈问题提供方向性成果。

针对现有国产割草压扁机功耗大且压扁质量不稳定，适应性不强等问题，项目研究基于山地苜蓿草刈割期不同生物力学和化学组份特性，测试了不同收获期不同刈割部位的剪切力和茎叶节点处的拉力等，探索牧草生物力学与刈割压扁质量的相关性；深入研究影响收获质量和压扁率的主要因素（如齿形、压扁棍材料、上下压扁棍安装角度和压扁间隙调节装置等）、山地割草压扁机关键部件的加工工艺，如何提高零部件的质量和可靠性，项目不但解决了山地牧草全程机械化技术瓶颈问题，而且可利用大面积连片的黄土高原荒山新、旧梯田地，进行生态资源合理配置利用；为项目的深入拓展开发、升级探索带智能安全控制系统的系列收获机提供了可靠基础技术支撑。项目组利用Solidworks软件创新设计研发了9GYQ1.2前悬挂调制机和9GYF1.2手扶山地牧草调制机原创机型，研制了V型压扁装置及人字形橡胶齿压扁辊：研究表明：收获旱地梯田或水浇地苜蓿，人字形胶压扁辊初始压力1200——1400N/m，压扁间隙3-4mm，压扁系统胶辊安装前倾角15°—25°，压扁率达92.12%、碎草损失率3.43%。项目成功研发了低功耗高效扶禾拨禾的偏心拨禾轮、齿刀链椭圆盘切割器、双向“V”型浮动调节压扁间隙系统、往复式低割型切割器和装有多功能挡草板复合结构的割台等系列原创成果；潜心钻研了山地割草压扁机关键部件的加工工艺，从结构创新、材料科学和机械加工工艺方面探索发明了“一种前悬挂齿刀链椭圆盘割草调制机” “山地牧草调制机” “V”型双向压扁间隙调节装置”“一种通用人字齿胶圈批量加工压扁棍的方法”等授权的16项专利技术，深入探索影响收获质量的主要因素，发明的仿地形结构使整机按适宜作业路径能适应坡度15°-40°；双人字形胶压扁辊配合切割器上设有的流线鼻梁型割台，实现了坡地、新旧梯田、套种田等中小地块规模化种植的苜蓿高质高效分草、扶草拨禾、齐地刈割、顺畅喂入和柔和压裂茎杆，高速集条铺放成草铺，整机传动效率高，功耗低；研究成果为提高机具的适应性、可靠性和经济实用性，研发系列割草压扁机提供了可靠技术参数和理论支撑。