地下封闭拥堵空间油气爆炸爆轰灾害诱发及抑制机理研究

As underground space is restricted in confined and congested areas, gas explosion or detonation disasters may easily occur if gas releases from the storage or during the transportation process. As detonation is the most dangerous type of gas explosion, it is important to study the factors which may lead gas deflagration to detonation (DDT) including confinement, congestion, space type, equipment arrangement etc. Therefore, this project proposes an analysis method which considers multiple structural factors and interrelationship between factors for analysing gas DDT in order to find the law of detonation formation in underground structures. Meanwhile, numerical modelling, artificial intelligence and experimental tests are applied to build an analytical model for predicting explosion overpressures and develop an evaluation system for detonation effects. Furthermore, based on smart diagnosis and optimization of underground structures, a comprehensive system for controlling gas detonation is developed to reduce blast effects and improve blast resistance. In conclusion, this project aims at revealing the DDT mechanism based on the characteristics of underground structures and further developing evaluation and control methods of gas detonation in order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of a detonation safety control system for underground structures.

地下空间封闭拥堵，燃油气储存或运输过程一旦发生泄漏，易引发爆炸乃至爆轰灾害。爆轰为油气爆炸危害最大形式，研究封闭拥堵性、空间形态及设备展布等关键因素对爆燃向爆轰转捩的影响规律以及爆轰灾害诱发及抑制机理有重要科学意义。项目考虑多元结构致灾因子及其耦合作用，提出地下结构爆燃向爆轰转捩机理分析方法，揭示地下结构爆轰诱发规律；采用数值模拟、智能分析与模型试验，提出可靠有效的地下空间爆轰荷载分析方法，建立封闭拥堵空间内爆轰效应智能评估体系；提出地下结构智能诊断优化方法，构建系统全面的爆轰灾害抑制体系，减小爆轰效应，提升抗爆性能。项目旨在揭示油气爆燃向爆轰转捩机理，提出地下空间爆轰灾害评估与抑制方法，为建立地下结构抗爆安全体系提供理论基础。

气体爆炸灾害是威胁地下封闭拥堵空间结构和设备安全的重要因素，也是地下综合管廊面临的关键问题。为发展和完善地下封闭拥堵空间防爆抗爆性能，本课题从结构本身出发，针对地下综合管廊的封闭拥堵性、结构空间形态及其内部排列方式等对气体爆燃爆轰灾害进行研究。本课题分析了管廊内气体爆炸发展过程，揭示了峰值超压由激波叠加效应形成的规律；构建了考虑管廊真实结构形态的气体爆炸数值模型，分析了气体浓度、点火位置、障碍物对气体爆燃和爆燃转爆轰的影响，确定了管廊内障碍物对爆燃转爆轰的诱导作用；建立了可应用于地下受限空间气体爆炸后果快速评估的高效准确的气体爆炸超压预测模型；通过对管廊气体泄漏扩散和爆炸仿真计算，提出了基于爆炸超压超越概率的结构抗爆性能评估方法；最后结合现行管廊设计与施工方案，提出了基于泄压口、通风口位置、水抑制优化设计的管廊气体爆炸灾害防治措施。本课题研究成果为管廊气体爆燃爆轰灾害防治及抗爆安全设计提供了技术指导和理论支撑。