湿度响应高强度聚合物的设计及其能量收集转换性能的研究

Chemical-stimuli-responsive polymer that can perform reversible deformation is currently under intensive research in the functional polymer field. Most of work has been devoted to hydrogel systems, which hardly obtain both fast responsibility and high mechanical properties.We have designed and fabricated a strong and flexible polymer film, which is consisted of a dynamic network between by polypyrrole and polyol-borate.This film exchanges water quickly with the environment, which causes film fast expansion and contraction. The moisture gradient generated by water evaporation contains free energy, which is harvested and partially converted into mechanical energy of the film motion.We have assembled a polymer mini-generator by associating this film with a piezoelectric PVDF element. Driven by moisture gradients at room temperature, this mini-generator outputs alternating electricity with a peak voltage of 1.0 volt. Based on these findings, we plan to continue our exploration on this type of moisture-resoponsive polymer. By systemically changing its chemical composition and controlling its micro-structure, we will estabish the relations between the material's macroscopic moisture-responsibility and its chemical composition and micro-structure. With these relations, we will optimize the material's moisture-responsibility and mechanical properties. We will also improve the method by which the films associate with piezoelectric PVDF elements, aiming to significantly improve the efficiency and power output of the mini-generator. This research will pave the way for potential applications of these polymer generators in renewable energy and microelectronics.

在化学刺激下发生可逆形变的聚合物是目前功能高分子领域的研究热点。现有的工作集中在凝胶体系,而凝胶难以同时具有快速响应性和良好的力学性能。在前期工作中，我们设计制备了一种具有聚吡咯和多元醇硼酸酯动态网络结构的高强度柔性薄膜材料。该薄膜对水分的快速吸收和释放导致其快速卷曲和舒张，从而将环境水分蒸发产生的湿度梯度（化学势）部分转化为薄膜运动的机械能。通过与压电PVDF材料的复合，我们制备出以室温水分蒸发为能源的微型聚合物发电机，输出电压可达1伏。在此基础上，我们拟深入研究这一类具有动态网络结构的湿度响应材料，通过系统的改变材料的化学组成和调控其微观结构，建立宏观湿度响应性能与化学组成和微观结构间的联系。以此为指导，我们将进一步优化材料的湿度响应性能和力学性能，改进其与压电材料的复合方式，力求大幅度提高该微型发电机的能量收集转换效率和输出功率,为探索其在可再生能源和微电子器件等领域的应用奠定基础。

在环境刺激下发生可逆形变的聚合物是功能高分子领域的研究热点，可以用于制备柔性驱动器、传感器或者微电子器件。通过本项目的研究，我们设计制备了一类具有聚吡咯和聚醚硼酸酯动态网络结构的高强度柔性材料，该材料对水分的快速吸收和释放导致其快速卷曲和舒张，从而将环境水分蒸发产生的湿度梯度（化学势）转化为机械能。我们通过系统的改变聚吡咯复合材料的化学组成和微观结构，优化聚吡咯复合材料的力学性能和湿度响应性能,并建立了该材料的宏观湿度响应性能与化学组成和微观结构间的结构-功能关系；我们通过探索柔性聚吡咯复合材料与柔性铁电材料的组合方式，制备出以室温水分蒸发为能源的微型聚合物发电机，并进一步提高了微型聚合物发电机的发电效率。值得一提的是，我们制备了一种热释电微型发电机，利用环境中的废热产生的水蒸汽，产生出峰值电压达140伏、峰值电流达0.12 μA/cm2的交流电，能够驱动多种电子设备，并且实现了无间断的持续供电，为探索微型发电机在传感器和微电子器件等领域的应用奠定了基础。本项目按照研究计划顺利执行，目前已经完成全部的研究内容，达到了预计的研究目标。此外，我们将“刚性-柔性”高分子复合的设计思想拓展到导电水凝胶和水凝胶纤维的设计制备中，制备了高性能导电水凝胶和仿蜘蛛丝的水凝胶纤维，可用于制备柔性电子器件。