南疆（原产）栽培杏（Prunus armeniaca L）的驯化起源及甜仁性状定向选择研究

The Southern (native) cultivated apricot is the oldest and the most abundant types in the Central Asia group. Apricot is a staple stone fruit crop cultivated in Southern Xinjiang of China. This crop is important for the rural communities, as they generate significant employment and income. However, the southern (native) cultivated apricot domestication of origin, variation and genetic improvement of major biological problems are deficient. Based on the classification, DNA barcording identification and genetic diversity research, we will be choose the southern (native) cultivated apricot (core 100 varieties) and Yili wild apricot (90) groups as the research object, the domestication and utilization of RAD-seq molecular markers to study genetic diversity, genetic structure and population analysis; association analysis closely around the sweet almond genotypes and phenotypes, analysis of the southern (native) directional selection and bottleneck effect on population domestication assessment of gene resources distribution, the cultivated apricot and Yili wild apricot; the number and degree of bottleneck parsing; more clearly described and preserved sweet bitter disappear traits selection section; and reveal the southern (native) cultivated apricot domestication and sweet kernel traits selection genetic mechanism and find ourt excellent germplasm,accelerate the southern sweet kernel provides the theory basis for breeding efficiency, meanwhil related technical support provide theoretical basis and functional marker for accelerating the breeding efficiency of Southern sweet kernel.

南疆（原产）栽培杏是中亚生态群中最为古老和丰富的类型，现已形成13.6万公顷种植规模，是当地重要经济支柱和农民的收入来源。但围绕南疆（原产）栽培杏的驯化起源、性状变异和遗传改良等重大生物学问题研究进展缓慢。基于利用DNA条形码鉴定和遗传多样性研究的基础上，现拟以南疆（原产）栽培杏（核心种质100份）和伊犁野生杏（90份）群体为研究对象，利用RAD-seq分子标记研究其群体驯化、遗传结构，深入解析南疆（原产）栽培杏和伊犁野生杏的基因资源分布、评估选择性清除效应和瓶颈效应对群体驯化的影响，解析驯化事件、驯化历史和栽培起源；并紧密围绕杏甜苦仁的表型开展与基因组的关联分析研究，更清析地阐述定向选择位点并开发相关标记；通过揭示其栽培起源和驯化历史进一步解析甜仁性状定向选择的遗传机制、挖掘优异基因，为加速甜仁育种效率提供理论依据和技术支撑。

南疆（原产）栽培杏是中亚生态群中最重要、变异最为丰富的类型，甜仁在南疆栽培杏中是一个优势性状。南疆（原产）栽培杏的驯化起源、重要性状的表型特点和变异等科学问题尚不明确，许多优异种质也未得到充分发掘，从很大程度上限制了南疆（原产）栽培杏的开发利用。因此，本研究以南疆（原产）栽培杏和伊犁野生杏群体为研究对象，采用高效液相色谱技术测定苦杏仁苷含量，结合感官评价对杏仁甜苦进行鉴定；采用液相色谱和气质联用色谱技术分析苦杏仁代谢产物变化，揭示杏仁中发生显著变化的组分，筛选出适于加工的优质杏品种；利用RAD-seq分子标记研究群体进化和遗传结构；深入解析南疆（原产）栽培杏的基因资源分布、评估选择性清除效应和瓶颈效应对群体驯化的影响；解析甜仁的基因型特点，开发相关的分子标记；紧密围绕甜苦仁表型与基因组的关联分析研究，深入分析苦味消失而甜味性状为优势性状的选择区段；进而揭示南疆（原产）栽培杏的驯化起源及甜仁性状定向选择的遗传学机制。同时采用多种分子标记、孢粉学、代谢组学解析了紫杏的杂交起源，说明了紫杏不具有种的分类学地位，紫杏是一个典型的种间杂交类型，对新疆南部杏资源的种质鉴定和提高南疆甜仁育种效率提供理论依据和技术支撑。