海水悬浮物多通道原位过滤技术研究及多点多层测量系统设计

Suspended particles concentration is one of the most important parameters of marine water. It is of great significance. The traditional method is that the water samples are collected and packaged to the laboratory to be filtered and analyzed. The measurement results of this method are considered to be the most accurate, but it involves the transportation and storage of a large number of samples. Obviously, it is time-consuming and low efficiency. Whereas the methods based on the acoustic and optical measurement are highly efficient, but are of great measurement error, so that the application is limited. This project proposes a multi-channel (more than 26) and synchronous automatic filtering method to obtain the suspended particles of seawater in-situ. Then a system construction with multi-point snd multi-layer is built（with more than 26 times）, which not only avoids the shortcomings of traditional sampling and filtering methods which is time-consuming, but also overcomes the disadvantage of modern measuring method involved large error. The three-dimensional accurate measurement of suspended particles concentration in sea water is realized by the simple method. Based on the existing research of the filtering devices of deep sea water, a scheme of suspended particles concentration measurement is designed. And the test and simulation of the filtering devices will be done in laboratory. In the experiments on ocean, the filtering results of designed devices are compared with the results of traditional method and other modern measuring methods. Suspended particles will be analyzed to verify the performance of designed devices and optimize the filtering scheme. The objective of this project is to provide a simple and efficient method for the measurement of suspended particles concentration.

悬浮颗粒物浓度是海水重要参数之一，其精确测定具有重要意义。传统法为现场取水，在实验室过滤分析，结果较准确，但大量水样采集、运输和储存，费时费力效率低；而基于声学、光学等现代方法，虽然效率较高，但反演后误差大，其适用范围也有限制。本项目结合海水原位过滤技术，创新性提出悬浮物多通道（26通道）原位自动过滤方法，并以此为基础，构建多站点（每个站点多层）同步多时次（26次以上）自动测量系统，以实现悬浮颗粒物的原位立体长时间获取，避除了传统方法效率低和现代测量方法反演误差大的缺陷。主要研究内容：海水悬浮颗粒物浓度立体测量方案设计；结合模拟装置进行滤膜过流能力和压力损失研究；以已有的深海微生物取样装置为基础，拓展滤膜容纳装置，增加通道选通和控制系统，形成三套悬浮物多通道原位过滤装置，构建立体原位过滤系统；开展海上比对试验，检验此方法准确性，并优化，以期为海水悬浮颗粒物浓度测量提供一种简约高效的方法。

本项目的研究目标是研究全新的海水悬浮颗粒物多通道原位过滤装置，建立一种基于海水原位过滤并适用于多种海域的多站位、多水层、多时次海水悬浮颗粒物原位立体取样方法。项目按计划开展研究工作，以已研发的3套高通量深海海水采样及分级过滤系统的原理样机为基础，结合海水悬浮颗粒物浓度测量研究的需要，进行了立体测量系统的整体设计，设计了一种多测点、多水层、多通道海水原位自动过滤方法，来实现海水悬浮颗粒物的立体原位多时次获取，避除传统取样过滤方法费时费力和现代测量方法反演误差大与适用范围小的缺陷。依据此设计，制作了多通道过滤装置的过流能力与压力损耗实验室模拟装置，并开展了实验室研究；在此基础上，进行了原有过滤装置的改造集成制作，研制了具有11通道的海水原位取样及过滤装置，实现了海水原位分时次多通道过滤。项目组多次搭载基金委东海共享航次，共进行了12个观测站位大中小潮悬浮颗粒物测试，通过比测验证了设备工作的稳定性和准确性。项目组按计划完成了研究目标：解决了海水悬浮颗粒物原位多通道取样的关键技术，重点解决了多滤膜集成技术，各规格滤膜过流能力与压力损失情况实验室检验，滤膜与总成海水泵型号相匹配的方案设计和多通道选通与控制技术等；在掌握悬浮颗粒物原位过滤一系列关键技术的基础上，形成了悬浮颗粒物原位过滤系统的设计方法，并形成了一定海域空间和一定时间范围内海水悬浮颗粒物原位过滤立体测量的应用方案。同时，通过项目研究，发表学术论文3篇，申请国家专利5项。本项目共培养研究生2人，并为课题组培养了数位海水原位取样与过滤技术人才。悬浮颗粒物浓度是海洋水体的重要参数之一，其精确测定具有重要意义，本项目改进研发的多通道海水悬浮颗粒物原位过滤立体取样与测量系统在海洋科学研究和海洋工程中有一定的应用前景，项目组后续将积极开展成果转化。