草原夜空广域光分布特征与评价研究

Skyglow is one of the global environmental pollution problems, but the regional significance of its wide-area lighting space has been underestimated, the quantitative information of spatial distribution characteristics is insufficient, and the prediction methods are missing. This spatial feature of sky glow is characterized by diversity, instability and complexity, and its research is of fundamental and overall significance, which is related to the accurate cognition of skyglow. The project selects the grassland area with open space and clear environmental elements, studies the regional luminous object of the grassland night sky formed by the surface town lighting, namely the wide-area light of the grassland night sky, and discusses the quantitative expression and evaluation method of its spatial distribution law. The project first combined satellite image data and ground observation data of the night sky of the grassland to explore the spatial distribution characteristics, brightness level and temporal and spatial variation rules of the complex wide-area light in the night sky of the grassland. Then, typical wide-area light with independent characteristics in grassland area was selected for external spatial observation, and fractal analysis theory, typology and statistical analysis method were used for reference to study its spatial diffusion mechanism and quantitative expression model of spatial morphology. By extracting the influence factors of wide-area light, the evaluation method of night sky wide-area light with spatial distribution elements was constructed according to the grey system method. Finally, the basic characteristics and related achievements of night sky wide-area light were summarized to form a dark night protection strategy suitable for ecologically fragile areas.

夜空发亮是全球多种环境污染问题之一，但是其广域发亮空间的区域意义一直被低估，空间分布特征的量化信息不足、预测方法缺失。这种夜空发亮的空间特征具有多样性、不稳定性、复杂性特征，其研究具有基础性、全局性意义，关乎对夜空发亮的准确认知。项目选取空间开阔且环境要素清晰的草原区域，研究由地面城镇照明所形成的草原夜空区域性发亮对象，即草原夜空广域光，探讨其空间分布规律的定量化表达方式与评价方法。项目首先结合草原夜空卫星图像数据与地面观测数据，探索草原夜空复杂广域光的空间分布特征、亮度水平、时空变化规律；再选取草原区域具有独立特征的典型广域光进行空间外部观测，借鉴分形分析理论、类型学、统计分析方法等，研究其空间扩散机理与空间形态量化表达模型；通过提取广域光影响因素，依据灰色系统方法构建含有空间分布要素特征的夜空广域光评价方法；最终，总结夜空广域光的基本特征与相关成果，形成适宜生态脆弱区域的暗夜保护策略。

夜空发亮是环境污染问题中较为突出的一项，通过对广域发亮空间的深入探讨，得到关于草原夜空区域性发亮对象相关的亮度计算模型及形态定量模型研究。在总结夜空广域光的基本特征与相关成果，形成适宜生态脆弱区域的城市夜空发亮的评价及暗夜天空保护等方面的策略。.本课题采用实地调研、图像分析、理论分析及数理研究相结合的方法，针对草原夜空复杂广域光的空间分布特征、亮度水平、时空变化规律等展开各项研究。.首先，建立了内蒙古地区草原城镇夜空广域光亮度计算模型。通过对草原夜空广域光亮度的分布和水平情况进行详细划分，总结出了目前可量化草原夜空广域光亮度分布、水平的特征指标；分析广域光的亮度来源和发亮过程；进行广域光亮度计算机模型的验证和应用。该研究成果丰富了草原夜空光污染的研究理论，实际应用结果可以为草原城镇规划、照明设计提供指导性意见。.其次，在原始数据基础上进行分析，建立广域光形态定量模型。通过模型计算对内蒙古地区城镇夜空广域光形态历史变化情况进行模拟，并对模型的应用方法进行了示例。将模型用于广域光形态变化的动态模拟，可实现对地区夜空发亮发展情况的预测，进而为相关控制策略研究提供一定参考，同时，在一定程度上丰富夜空发亮的相关理论。.最后，在对广域光亮度、形态进行详细讨论后，基于灰色定权聚类分析，建立城市夜空发亮评价体系，该研究过程扩充了城市夜空发亮的相关理论，为照明规划和天文观测选址提供参考；根据分形理论进行暗夜天空保护研究的探讨，所构建的暗夜天空保护体系，为指导城市规划建设、城市照明设计实践提供了丰富的参考依据。