B2C电商的空间组织特征及其空间效应研究

With the rapid development of e-commerce and online shopping, B2C e-commerce has became one of the most important power in the contemporary socio-economic development. B2C e-commerce have helped to transform spatial organization of social and economic activities by changing retail value chain, business model, consumption pattern and logistics organization. Such changes have drawn much attention from scholars in various academic fields. On the other hand, as a new organization in information age, the structure, value chain, spatial organization and spatial implication of B2C e-commerce have not yet been given enough attention by geographers. And B2C e-commerce is also an important research area of time cost and an important type of virtual enterprise, which is the main content of team’s last program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001081). Against such a background, this program try to take a comprehensive research on the spatial organization of B2C e-commerce and its spatial implication, employing network analysis, spatial analysis, comparative analysis and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. First, based on literature review, statistical report, field work and questionnaire, we try to build a B2C e-commerce cases database, using FileMakerPro software. Second, by using data from the databse, we try to construct a comprehensive index of B2C e-commerce development, calculate the index in 2000-2016, and measure changing spatial difference in the development of B2C e-commerce in China. Third, we characterize the spatial organization of B2C e-commerce, both in cyber space and real geographical space. We focus on the industrial chain of B2C e-commerce, and try to identify the spatial distribution of every department in a B2C e-commerce enterprise. Fourth, based on case studies, we analyze the influencing factors of different departments’ location decision, and try to find the dynamics behind such location models. Especially, we try to identify if time cost plays an important role in the location decision of B2C e-commerce. Lastly, we try to analyze the spatial implications of B2C e-commerce, such as the impacts on retail enterprise, consumption pattern, logistics organization and regional structure.

随着电子商务及网络购物的迅猛发展，B2C电商成为当代社会经济发展的新空间动力，并日益成为学术界关注的焦点问题之一。作为信息时代的一种新型经济组织，B2C电商对理解这个时代的社会经济空间组织及其空间演化具有重要意义。同时，B2C电商的研究也是对青年基金虚拟企业研究的进一步深入，是检验最小时间成本原则的重要领域，是研究企业空间组织的重要视角。本项目基于历史文献和实地调研建立数据库，运用网络分析、模糊层次分析、对比分析及空间建模等方法，系统分析中国B2C电商的发展进程及其空间格局；并从虚拟空间、真实地理空间两个层面深入刻画B2C电商的空间组织特征；研究B2C电商不同部门的区位选择指向及其影响因素，进而剖析其背后的作用机制；并在此基础上探讨B2C电商可能带来的空间影响。从而为中国区域发展、电子商务及信息化政策提供参考借鉴，完善虚拟企业理论，丰富和发展企业地理学、区位论研究。

随着电子商务及网络购物的迅猛发展，B2C电商成为当代社会经济发展的新空间动力，并日益成为学术界关注的焦点问题之一。作为信息时代的一种新型经济组织，B2C电商对理解这个时代的社会经济空间组织及其空间演化具有重要意义。本项目基于统计数据、阿里巴巴数据、实地调研、问卷调查等建立项目的电商数据库及案例库，比较系统的研究中国B2C电商发展的时空格局、空间组织特征及其空间效应。首先，项目系统分析了中国B2C电商的发展进程，并从时间、空间两个维度分析中国B2C电商发展的时空格局；发现中国B2C电商发展经历了5个阶段，目前发展呈现以江浙为核心向内陆扩散、由东部沿海向内陆地区降低的格局。其次，项目以京东、苏宁、亚马逊中国、当当、唯品会等为案例，从虚拟空间、真实地理空间两个层面深入刻画了B2C电商的空间组织特征；发现组织形式上，B2C电商各职能部门是并行交叉运行，组织结构上，B2C电商正朝着扁平化、网络化、虚拟化的方向发展。第三，项目以京东、苏宁为案例研究了B2C电商不同部门的区位选择指向及其影响因素，进而剖析其背后的作用机制；发现B2C电商总部集中于特大城市，配送中心比较广泛的分布在我国各省会城市、交通枢纽城市、大城市临近城市等，时间成本对配送中心的区位选择作用机制最突出。第四，项目探讨了B2C电商发展对传统零售空间、居民消费、“一带一路”贸易、城镇等级体系等可能带来的空间影响；发现B2C电商对传统零售影响最明显的主要是东南沿海地区、内陆省会城市，其对城镇发展、边境贸易等均具有明显的正向作用。