深部岩体岩爆倾向性预测及其储能流态化调控研究

As the shallow resources are exhausted, the metal mineral resources mining in kilometer class and even deeper are becoming as a normal behavior. It is due to the fully complex existing conditions and geostress environment of deep rock mass, the high order rockburst etc. dynamic disaster are occurring constantly. Meanwhile, the disaster in deep rock mass is a violent and momentary dynamic unstability process which is a high nonlinear states. Hence, if the characteristic of energy storage and energy consumption in high geostress hard rock could be obtained, the high level stored energy in hostrock can be adjusted, the transfer mechanism between the disasters’ energy and the rock breakage energy can be explored. The induced mining and homogeneous distribution could be realized. And the goal on active utilization of the deep high storage energy could be achieved. In this study, By using the large scale true triaxial rock testing system, dynamic and static multifunction loading system, a series of lab tests would be carried out with different loading processes and different disturbed conditions. Then, the law between the damages and the energy accumulation, the characteristic of energy consumption and kinetic energy of dynamic disaster can be analyzed. The transfer mechanism between the geostress field and energy field could be built. The fluidal characteristic with differernt boundary condition could be analyzed. Also, the way of realization on the induced mining and homogeneous distribution could be explored.

随着浅部资源的开采殆尽，千米级乃至更深的深部金属矿产资源开采已成为常态。由于深部岩体的赋存条件及应力环境十分复杂，不同工程活动方式诱发的高量级岩爆等动力灾害更加凸显。同时，深部岩体动力灾害是一种高度非线性状态下强烈瞬时的动态失稳过程。因此，若能从高应力硬岩储能特性和开挖能耗特性入手，对深部岩体储存的高量级能量进行调控，探索灾变能向岩石破碎能的良性转化机制，实现开采断面能量诱导开采，支护巷道的能量均匀化分布，达到深部储能岩体的能量主动利用。本研究拟通过大尺寸真三轴伺服试验系统和多功能岩石动静组合加载系统，开展不同加载过程、扰动方式下岩石的试验研究，分析不同地应力环境下岩石损伤积累和能量积聚规律，能耗特性及灾变驱动能，建立应力场与能量场之间的转化机制，分析不同边界条件下的能量流态化特性，探寻能量诱导开采和能量场展布均匀化的途径。

随着浅部资源的开采殆尽，千米级乃至更深的深部金属矿产资源开采已成为常态。由于深部岩体的赋存条件及应力环境十分复杂，不同工程活动方式诱发的高量级岩爆等动力灾害更加凸显。岩爆问题虽由来已久，但始终未能很好的解决。同时，、岩爆等岩体动力灾害是一种高度非线性状态下强烈瞬时的动态失稳过程。采用能量理论体系进行研究将能更加接近其发生本质。本研究首先通过系统开展三轴压缩、循环加卸载和时滞应变监测等试验，拓展了岩石的弹性储能体系，实现了岩石储能极限的量化与分析，同时基于双轴加载试验辅以DIC等多监测手段，研究了岩石储能的展布特征，为岩爆灾害分析提供了理论基础；其次，基于断裂力学理论将岩石能量耗散体系分为了新宏观结构的产生所消耗的破碎能和克服宏观结构之间摩擦而消耗的摩擦能，并分别通过改进型SHPB试验和剪切摩擦实现对破碎能耗和摩擦能耗进行了定量研究，完善了岩石的能量耗散体系；而后，项目从高应力硬岩储能特性和开挖能耗特性出发，在三山岛金矿采用钻孔卸压的方式，研究了矿山开采采动应力的演化特征，讨论了深部高岩体储能的调控手段和调控机制；最后，基于所提出的岩石能量体系，对三山岛金矿的岩爆倾向进行了评估，并针对高积聚能量是岩爆灾害的主要诱因问题，设计并开展了一维能流试验研究，探讨岩体积聚能量的可调控性，在此基础上，提出一种锚网的协同支护体系，通过数值模拟手段探讨实现了深部巷道围岩的能量均匀分摊，实现深部岩体储能的主动调控和灾害诱发能量的均匀分摊，研究成果可为未来我国矿山工程和隧道工程提供理论基础、研究思路和数据支撑。