蜜蜂RNA病毒的植物寄主及蜜蜂RNA病毒由植物到蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的传播途径

RNA virus is characterized by their high mutation rates due to error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that lacks proof activity. High mutations provide RNA virus with enormous capacity to adapt to complex environments and facilitate their successful invasion of new host populations. Recent study shows that pollen of bee foraged carries several bee RNA viruses. According to the knowledge of coevolution between entomophilous plant and pollination insects, bee RNA virus is the path of contagion which is transmitted to pollination insects via insects foraging from plant. Though it was known that some plant viruses can infect health plant host by pest vector, transmission of animal virus by plant medium is still unknown. So verification of the bee RNA virus transmission from plant to insect will be helpful to comprehend better the phenomenon that bee RNA virus worldwide distributed. Study of bee RNA virus genomes in phylogenetic analysis and nucleic acid mutation comparative with different host strain will reveal the adaptive evolution and multiple host infection mechanism of virus. New rapid virus detection technology and quantifiable epidemic estimate criterion will be designed on these viruses nucleic acid date. Furthermore this work are implication in theoretical for RNA virus pathology and prevention.

因RNA病毒中依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶缺乏校对机制，导致RNA病毒的高突变率，利于侵染新的寄主，表现极强的环境适应性。研究发现蜜蜂自植物采集的花粉中也携带多种RNA病毒，基于授粉昆虫与虫媒植物长期协同进化关系的认识，蜜蜂RNA病毒可能存在经虫媒植物为媒介进行传播的途径。尽管植物病毒的虫媒传播途径在植物保护研究中已被证实，但动物病毒的植物媒介传播途径仍未见报道，本研究将通过分子检测技术获得常见虫媒植物的蜜蜂RNA病毒感染状况数据，并通过病毒侵染实验验证蜜蜂RNA病毒在脱毒植物体内的复制、扩散方式及植物寄主毒株对蜜蜂的致病性。实验结果有助于从病毒与寄主间协同进化角度解释蜜蜂RNA病毒广泛分布的原因。通过蜜蜂病毒不同动植物寄主毒株基因组的系统进化和分子变异研究，揭示动物RNA病毒的超界传播机制，并基于蜜蜂RNA病毒核酸数据建立快速检测技术体系和量化评价标准。

因RNA病毒中依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶缺乏校对机制，导致RNA病毒的高突变率，利于侵染新的寄主，表现极强的环境适应性。植物RNA病毒的虫媒传播途径在植物保护研究中已被证实，但动物病毒的植物媒介传播途径仍未见报道。基于授粉昆虫与虫媒植物长期协同进化关系的认识，本研究利用蜜蜂病毒毒株侵染脱毒植物实验，验证了蜜蜂RNA病毒在蜜源植物和寄主蜜蜂间遵循科赫法则，证实蜜蜂RNA病毒存在经虫媒植物为媒介进行传播的途径，从病毒与寄主间协同进化角度回答了蜜蜂RNA病毒世界范围内广泛分布的原因。并通过蜜蜂病毒不同动植物寄主毒株基因组的系统进化和分子变异研究，揭示动物RNA病毒的超界传播现象。同时基于蜂群病毒感染年周跟踪检测数据，发现病毒病发病规律，建立快速检测技术体系和量化评价标准，运用于疾病防控。