多孔纳米碳柔性电极的层次化构建与超电容特性研究

Flexible supercapacitors have great application potential as energy storage device due to their high specific power, mechanical flexibility and implantable. This research focuses on the structural design of flexible electrodes and preparation of flexible devices. To address the current issues of relatively low volumetric energy density and areal capacitance, we propose a new strategy of comprehensively taking advantage of different dimensional nanocarbons. Controllable design of carbon tubular nanostructures - graphene - hollow carbon nanocubes 3D hierarchical carbon networks on stainless steel mesh through directly conversion of CO2 gas. We intensively investigate the effect of preparation methods and parameters on hierarchical distribution, thickness, pore structure and the capacitance performance of porous nanocarbon hierarchical structure, illuminating the mechanism of improving the charge storage by the construction of hierarchical structure, and revealing the synergistic effect between different dimensional nanocarbons. On this basis we adjust the growth substrates such as the linear, helical, and three dimensional networks, etc. and thus manufacture novel structured flexible supercapacitors, which will open up new ideas to develop high performance flexible energy storage device.

柔性超级电容器因具有高功率、力学柔韧和可穿戴特性等优点，在能量存储方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。本项目立足于多孔纳米碳柔性电极的结构设计及柔性器件的制备，针对其面电容和体积能量密度均偏低等问题，综合利用不同维度纳米碳材料的优势，通过直接转化CO2技术在不锈钢网上可控构建管状碳纳米结构—石墨烯—中空碳纳米立方体3D层次结构。系统研究转化方法、转化条件等对纳米碳层次结构的层次分布、厚度、孔结构以及电容性能的影响，阐明层次化构建提高电荷储存的机理，揭示不同维度纳米碳材料之间的协同作用规律。在此基础上，控制多孔纳米碳层次结构在多种柔性基底上的构建，设计并制备具有线状、螺旋状、三维网络状等新型器件结构的柔性超级电容器，为开发高性能柔性储能器件提供新思路。

利用直接转化CO2技术，我们提出了基底诱导生长、原位转化非原位模板诱导生长和分子剪刀合成新型层次化纳米碳材料的三种新方法，实现了层次化多孔纳米碳管状网络结构、多孔碳超球体结构和多层次管状纳米碳超结构新材料的可控构筑。在此基础上，通过构筑不同层次化分布的多孔碳材料，并结合电化学动力学分析，阐明了层次化结构设计提升离子有效存储和传输，从而促进多孔纳米碳柔性超级电容器超电容性能的提高；按照预设的研究计划，项目主持人及其参与者较好地完成了项目的研究目标，完成了主要内容的研究，取得了预期研究效果。发表高质量SCI论文15篇，申请国家发明专利5项，授权2项，培养研究生3名。