二维超分散镍钴硫化物纳米晶界面反应活性的调控机制研究

The electrolyte interface of supercapacitor electrode material shows the key effect on its pseudocapacitive performance. In this project, graphene superdispersed nickel-cobalt sulfide nanocrystals electrode materials will be investigated to show the mechanisms for regulating the interfacial reactivity of electrode materials. Firstly, the graphene superdispersed nickel-cobalt sulfide nanocrystals will be synthesized by controlling the nucleation and growth processes of nickel-cobalt sulfide on graphene surface. In this process, the sizes of nickel-cobalt sulfide nanocrystals and the distribution of those nanocrystals on the graphene surface will be tuned to control the properties between electrode materials and electrolyte. Secondly, the pseudocapacitive performance of different interfacial structured electrode materials will be investigated. By conducting such an investigation, the influence of the superdispersive effect of graphene as well as the small size effect of nickel-cobalt sulfide nanocrystals on the pseudocapacitive performance of the electrode materials will be discovered to reveal the regulating mechanism of the interfacial reactivity on the pseudocapacitive performance. Lastly, the structure parameters of electrode materials will be optimized to verify the mechanism for regulating the interfacial reactivity. This project aims to achiever the maximum reactivity on electrolyte interface by optimizing the structure of electrode materials which can provide guidance for developing high performance pseudocapacitive materials and supercapacitor devices, so it has great values academically and application potentials practically.

超级电容器电极材料的电解液界面是影响其赝电容性能的关键因素。本项目以石墨烯基超分散镍钴硫化物纳米晶为研究对象，拟开展复合电极材料电解液界面反应活性的调控机制研究。首先，通过控制镍钴硫化物在石墨烯表面的成核及生长，制备石墨烯超分散的镍钴硫化物纳米晶复合电极材料；通过调控镍钴硫化物纳米晶的尺寸及与石墨烯的超分散复合，优化复合电极材料电解液界面的性能。然后，研究不同电解液界面结构复合电极材料的赝电容性能，从而确立石墨烯的超分散复合作用及镍钴硫化物纳米晶的小尺寸效应与复合电极材料赝电容性能的关系，以此揭示复合电极材料电解液界面反应活性的调控机制。最后，优化复合电极材料的结构参数，完成电解液界面反应活性的调控机制验证，以此指导研发高性能的赝电容材料。本项目优化电极材料的结构最大限度地调控电解液界面的反应活性，为发展高性能的赝电容材料及超级电容器提供指导，因而具有重要的学术价值和应用潜力。

超级电容器电极材料的电解液界面性能是影响赝电容反应活性和稳定性的关键因素，为此本项目以石墨烯的超分散复合作用提高镍钴硫化物的电解液界面反应性能，旨在实现更高的比容量和循环寿命。首先，开发出热注入法调控镍钴硫化物颗粒的尺寸及与石墨烯非原位复合方法，成功地调控了镍钴硫化物的尺寸并且与石墨烯复合；其次，在热注入法原位添加RGO以及开发出溶剂热法等石墨烯原位复合镍钴硫化物的制备技术，成功地制备出石墨烯超分散的镍钴硫化物纳米晶，实现了良好的储能性能；第三，开发出前驱体转化法，在合成石墨烯复合的前驱体之后转化成石墨烯复合的镍钴硫化物复合电极材料，成功的用于储能应用；第四，改变碳分散基体的分散维度而利用碳纤维超分散镍钴化合物，开发出利用静电纺丝法制备碳纳米纤维分散镍钴基化合物的制备方法，并且实现了储能应用；与此同时，通过形貌和结构优化镍钴锰硫化物的电解液界面反应活性，制备出具有多孔结构和中空双壳层纳米线阵列结构的镍钴锰硫化物，以这些特殊的形貌和结构设计提高硫化物的性能，取得良好的储能性能；除此之外，项目主持人还开展了一些类似水系储能器件的探索。本项目优化电极材料的结构最大限度地调控电解液界面的反应活性，为发展高性能的赝电容材料及超级电容器提供指导，因而具有重要的学术价值和应用潜力。