江南水乡村镇低能耗住宅技术策略研究

With the rapid economic development of the southern regions of the Yangtze River, the living standards there have improved significantly. However,the simple copy of urban building modes and unorganic transplanting of the lifestyle by using full-time HVAC system result in tremendous growth of energy consumption of towns and villages in those regions which has become an obstacle of the 'Energy-conserving Rural and Urban Construction'as well as a huge obstruction to regional sustainable developments..The key points of this research line in how to put forward the technical desigh strategies of energy-efficient houses with the combined consideration of regional climate and geographical features as well as the dwelling habits and customs of local residents on the basis of local building materials and construction techniques.On the foundation of precedent studies within this field,the research will at first analyse the relationship between the indoor comfort and design elements,such as the overall planning of local villagges, site layout of buildings, design of the form and function of duildings ect.Secondly, with the effort of the work above, this research is going to draw a set of energy-efficient technical design strategies for those regions, which are not only suit for the climate features but also local dwelling habits and customs. The results of the study would make contributes to create comfortable dwelling environments without high energy consumption in the southern Regions of Yangtze River..The results of this study would provide a set of energy-efficient technical design measures to mitigate or even reduce the rapid growth of energy consumption in dwelling houses of the Southern regions of Yangtze River.

随着江南水乡经济的迅速发展，当地居民的生活水平有了显著提高。城市建筑模式的简单复制和全时段使用采暖空调生活方式的简单移植造成当前该地区村镇住宅建筑能耗迅速攀升。不断增长的村镇住宅能耗已成为当前"节约型城乡建设"的障碍，也成为该地区在可持续发展过程中面临的突出问题。.如何根据当地气候地理特征，充分考虑当地居民生活居住习惯，在当地建筑材料和营造技术的基础上发展低能耗住宅建筑成为本项目研究的重点。项目拟在前期研究工作的基础上，基于室内人体舒适度，通过研究江南水乡村镇的整体规划、建筑总平面布局、单体设计、功能和形态等影响因素，提出适应于江南水乡的气候和生活习惯、冬暖夏凉的低能耗住宅设计的技术策略，最终达到在降低住宅能耗的同时为当地居民创造舒适的居住环境的目的。.该项目的研究成果将为该地区村镇低能耗住宅建筑提供一整套的技术措施，为减缓甚至降低江南水乡村镇住宅的能耗提供技术保障。

随着新型城镇化及农业现代化的推进，应积极推进城乡统筹一体化发展，将绿色、低碳、生态文明理念融入城乡规划建设中，乡村的转型发展亦应受到各学科的研究关注。但我国乡村农宅普遍存在缺乏规划设计、能耗大能效低，且舒适度及空间环境较差等问题，亟待解决。因此，需要大力推进低能耗村镇住宅的建设，改善农房舒适性，强化农房节能减排，提升农村住宅的宜居性，提出以完善的村镇低能耗技术体系核心，改善农村住宅能源结构优化策略。. 本研究江南水乡地区气候地理特征，充分考虑当地居民生活居住习惯，在吸收当地传统技术精髓的基础上，以构建低能耗村镇住宅建筑技术策略成为本项目研究的重点。该研究的主要研究发现包括：1）对江南水乡村镇住宅建筑的现状、传统技术策略、用能结构、能耗需求进行了调研、测试和模型计算分析； 2）提炼适宜地域特色的村镇低能耗住宅生态规划策略和单体设计技术要点； 3）运用村镇住宅低能耗技术策略和设计方法，开展并完成了3个江南水乡低能耗村镇住宅示范工程项目，对低能耗技术应用及实施经验进行了总结与校验，并通过计算模拟和对比测试验证了低能耗技术策略的有效性； 4）探索了一种整合BIM技术、被动式节能技术、预制构件设计和建筑多样性造型等多项技术要素，并适用于江南水乡低能耗住宅的模块化设计思维、方法和流程； 5）以《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T50378-2014为基础，开发《江南水乡村镇低能耗住宅评价体系》。6）编制了《江南水乡村镇低能耗住宅技术规程》、《江南水乡村镇住宅低能耗围护结构技术图集》。. 本研究通过研究江南水乡村镇的整体规划、单体设计、功能和形态等影响因素，提出了适应江南水乡的气候和生活习惯、冬暖夏凉的低能耗住宅设计的技术策略，并结合实际示范工程对研究成果进行实际校验，该研究将为该地区村镇低能耗住宅建设提供一套完整的技术体系，为减缓甚至降低江南水乡村镇住宅的能耗提供有力的技术保障。