交通基础设施建设排放对工人职业健康损害的作用机理及量化评价研究

The transportation infrastructure construction phase consumes a large amount of non-renewable resources and artificially emits a large number of environmental pollutants. These environmental emissions not only seriously pollute the quality of the workplace and the surrounding environment, but also pose a health hazard to the field operators. This topic is aimed at evaluating and preventing the key problems of workers' occupational health damage caused by environmental discharges in transportation infrastructure projects, using construction site sampling monitoring, simulation prediction modeling, and health risk assessment to damage the occupational health of workers. Research on mechanism of action, quantitative evaluation and control measures. The primary objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the health hazards of environmental emissions, measuring the composition and concentration of environmental emissions; and (2) to simulate the full-path mechanism of “release source-diffusion path-human uptake” of environmental emissions, and constructing environmental emission levels. Predictive model; (3) to quantitatively evaluate the environmental health damage to workers' occupational health, and proposing effective prevention measures for workers' occupational exposure to environmental emissions. This topic has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the health protection of construction workers and the sustainable development of the construction industry.

交通基础设施建设阶段消耗大量的不可再生资源并人为排放大量环境污染物，这些环境排放不仅严重污染作业场所及周围环境质量，并对现场作业人员构成健康隐患。本课题针对如何评价与防治交通基础设施工程建设环境排放对工人职业健康损害这一关键问题，采用施工现场采样监测、仿真预测建模、健康风险评估等方法，对环境排放对工人职业健康损害的作用机理、量化评价及防治措施进行研究。具体包括：（1）识别环境排放的健康危害，测定环境排放的成分和浓度；（2）对环境排放的“释放源-扩散路径-人体摄取”全路径机理进行仿真模拟，构建环境排放水平的预测模型；（3）考虑施工作业条件及健康损害分类指标，量化评价环境排放对工人职业健康损害， 从而提出有效的工人职业接触环境排放的防治措施。本课题对促进建筑工人健康保护、建筑业可持续发展建造具有重要的理论和实践意义。

建筑工人长期高强度在条件恶劣、危险甚至有害的环境中作业，其职业健康存在显著隐患。本课题针对如何评价与防治交通基础设施工程建设环境排放对工人职业健康损害这一关键问题，采用施工现场多元环境监测、计算流体力学仿真建模、健康风险评估等方法，对环境排放对工人职业健康损害的作用机理、量化评价及防治措施进行研究。依托上海崇明世界级生态岛生态道路建设示范工程项目、上海市内环线城市更新示范工程项目、浙江省嘉兴市快速路项目，在20条试验路段进行施工现场工人可吸入沥青烟采样和现场环境监测，归纳施工工人的和环境排放暴露水平，利用环境监测设备和环境化学分析实验手段，构建了本土化的交通基础设施建设环境排放因子数据库。本课题利用计算流体力学CFD方法构建了环境排放的“释放源－扩散路径－人体摄取”全路径机理仿真及预测，并通过工程实例验证该模型的有效性。最后本课题提出了交通基础设施建设环境排放对工人职业健康损害的量化评价方法，该方法纳入不确定性及工程条件，更符合工程现场实际情况。本课题严格执行预期研究计划，目前已发表4篇SSCI/SCI检索论文、2篇EI检索论文、已提交3篇SSCI/SCI检索论文、国际/国内会议上宣读论文6次，相关成果已被上海公路桥梁（集团）有限公司、上海城投集团上海市市政规划设计研究院有限公司、美国Ingevity道路沥青材料公司采纳并应用。本课题对促进建筑工人健康保护、建筑业可持续发展建造具有重要的理论和实践意义。