机械压汽蒸馏与自养生物脱氮联合处理垃圾渗滤液新技术研究

Landfill leachate with complicated composition is great harmful. Its high concentration ammonia nitrogen and organic pollutants could lead to anoxic conditions and eutrophication, and some chemicals are even carcinogenic and mutagenic. Effective treatment of leachate is one of the difficulties in environmental engineering field at present. Conventional treatment processes are complex and with high construction and operation costs and low nitrogen removal efficiency. And it is bad in refractory organic compounds removal. So it is imperative to develope a simple technology with low-cost and high efficiency. The new process of landfill leachate treatment by mechanical vapor compression (MVC) for refractory organic compounds removal and autotrophic biological nitrogen removal technologies (short cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation) with high efficiency will be studied in present project. The main research contents are as follows：treatment of refractory organic compounds and high ammonia nitrogen by MVC-autotrophic biological nitrogen removal process, the long-term effects and synergistic inhibition effects of heavy metals in leachate on autotrophic biological nitrogen removal system, and the removal efficiency of MVC-autotrophic biological nitrogen removal process to treat actual landfill leachate. In order to provide biological basis of the mechanism of MVC-autotrophic biological nitrogen removal and carbon removal process，fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）and polymerase chain reaction-deformation gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE）will also be applied to analyze the microbiological characteristics of autotrophic biological nitrogen removal under different stable conditions.

垃圾渗滤液成分复杂、危害性大，其含有的高浓度氨氮、有机污染物会使地面水体缺氧、富营养化，该类废水的有效处理是目前环境工程领域的难点之一。传统垃圾渗滤液处理工艺复杂、造价和运行成本高、脱氮效率低下，对生物难降解有机物去除无能为力，因此寻求一种工艺简单、造价低、效果好的新技术势在必行。本课题拟研究机械压汽蒸馏（MVC）去除生物难降解有机物与自养生物系统（短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化）高效脱氮结合处理垃圾渗滤液新技术。主要研究MVC-自养生物脱氮系统去除垃圾渗滤液中的生物难降解有机物及高浓度氨氮；垃圾渗滤液中重金属等对自养生物脱氮的长期作用效果及协同抑制效应；分析实际垃圾渗滤液经MVC蒸馏-自养生物系统处理的效果；同时采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术分析自养生物脱氮系统中不同工况的微生物学特性，为MVC-自养生物脱氮除碳的机理提供生物学依据。

垃圾渗滤液成分复杂、危害性大，其含有的高浓度氨氮、有机污染物会使地面水体缺氧、富营养化，该类废水的有效处理是目前环境工程领域的难点之一。传统垃圾渗滤液处理工艺复杂、造价和运行成本高、脱氮效率低下，对生物难降解有机物去除无能为力，短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺因其能耗低、无需外加碳源、产泥量少等特点，近年来成为污水处理领域的研究热点，有望成为垃圾渗滤液处理技术的突破点。本课题以模拟垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，建立了长期稳定运行的若干反应器，考察了溶解氧、pH值、游离氨等因素对短程硝化效果的影响以及多种重金属离子对微生物的抑制影响；以实际垃圾渗滤液为研究对象研究了蒸馏预处理和实际机械压汽蒸溜出水进行了对比研究，并在实验室采用短程硝化厌氧氨氧化组合工艺，探究其处理垃圾渗滤液的可行性;考察了进水NO2--N /NH4+-N浓度比对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能的影响;还研究了单一重金属、复合重金属对厌氧氨氧化工艺的影响，旨在为短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理垃圾渗滤液应用于实际工程提供借鉴；通过PCR和高通量测序等手段研究了不同工况下的AOB、NOB和厌氧氨氧化细菌（ANAOB）等脱氮功能菌群结构，为自养生物脱氮工艺的优化提供理论支持。通过课题研究，阐明了垃圾渗滤液中重金属对自养生物系统AOB和ANAOB的协同抑制效应，提出了垃圾渗滤液中的抑制物质，给出了各物质抑制浓度范围，为后续自养生物脱氮最优运行提供借鉴。