厌氧-好氧处理垃圾渗滤液与短程深度脱氮

The pollutant composition of landfill leachate is very complicated, and its characteristics vary a lot depending on the environmental conditions. The concentrations of organic material and ammonia nitrogen are high in fresh leachate, while matured leachate contains relatively lower concentration of organic matter but higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen. High concentration ammonia nitrogen is considered as the main reason for low effciency in biological treatment of landfill leachate.A system of a two-stage UASB -A/O reactor and a system of a two-stage UASB -A/O-SBR were fully depended on biological treatment of the municipal young and mature landfill leachate without any pre-physicochemical process. Complete ammonium nitrogen removal via nitrite was achieved.FA concentration was a major factor to achieve a partial nitrification of municipal landfill leachate. Temperature was not the key factor to partial nitrification. When pH was more than 8.5, the influence of FNA on partial nitrification was minimal.. Particial nitrification － anaerobic ammonium oxidation process were used to treat mature leachate and nitrogen was removed thoroughly.

垃圾渗滤液是一种水质水量变化大、氨氮含量高、成分复杂的高浓度有机废水。垃圾渗滤液的特性随环境变化而变化。早期渗滤液有机物和氨氮浓度都很高，但有机物易降解，晚期渗滤液中有机物浓度低且难降解，故高氨氮的有效去除是渗滤液处理的重点和难点。以实际的高氮垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，采用"两级UASB-缺氧／好氧（A/O）系统"和两级UASB-缺氧／好氧（A/O）-SBR系统处理实际城市早期和晚期生活垃圾渗滤液，完全依靠生物处理，通过短程硝化即实现了氨氮的高效去除，降低了处理成本，简化了处理工艺。FA是影响短程硝化的决定因素。温度并不是影响短程硝化的关键因素。当系统内pH值很高（大于8.5），FNA对短程硝化的影响可忽略不计。.针对C/N比低的晚期垃圾渗滤液，实现短程硝化脱氮和厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺的结合，达到深度脱氮。

厌氧-好氧组合工艺是处理垃圾渗滤液最为有效的技术。短程生物脱氮可节省40%碳源和25%曝气量，缩短约4.3倍的反应历程，是解决垃圾渗滤液氨氮特别是总氮处理成本高、去除效率低的新方法，也是该研究领域的重要方向之一。. 本项目以北京某垃圾填埋场实际产生的垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，采用厌氧-好氧联用技术，在获得有机物、总氮的较高去除率基础上，具体解析短程硝化反硝化的影响因素，研究认为在好氧反应器中FA（游离氨）与FNA（游离亚硝酸）对NOB（硝化细菌）的联合抑制作用，是实现NO2--N积累率稳定在80%以上的主要原因。. 同时进一步提出并研究了短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化联用技术，最大程度的降低垃圾渗滤液的处理成本，实现了经济高效的除碳脱氮。在研究中，通过调控工艺运行参数，确定短程硝化实现并稳定运行机制。重点研究了不同工艺参数条件下，短程硝化的影响机制和难降解有机物被作为碳源利用，同时与宏观工艺结合进行了短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的分子生物学研究，通过分子生物学手段对系统的微生物种群结构和特性进行了分析，为生物脱氮生化反应机理的深入研究提供微生物方面的理论基础和技术支撑。