学前教育有效供给的制度路径研究

With the establishment of socialist market economic system and the reform of social welfare services in our country, pre-school education comes into the market-oriented way, which was charged by the state organs, enterprises and institutions before. During this period, the contradiction between pre-school supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, how to solve the pre-school "hard park" and "expensive park" is the main problem facing by the reform of pre-school education in China..This project intends to begin with the view of education supply considering the property of social welfare and public products of pre-school education. What's more, this project makes analyses of interest property of pre-school education, supply subject and the influencing factors, and it establishes the theory model of pre-school education supply. In the course of the study, this project does empirical research and compares the supply efficiency of "public garden" and "private garden" based on the DEA model and the historical data of the pre-school education development. The study explores ways to expand pre-school education products' supply channels through system innovation, establishes public-private partnerships and multi-agent involved pre-school education mode, subsidizes for needy family and early childhood education and constructs system of Pre-school education quality monitoring in order to improve pre-school education supply in multiple channels and ways.

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和社会福利事业的改革，学前教育由国家机关、企事业单位主管和举办开始走向市场化办学之路，在此过程中，学前教育供给和需求的矛盾日益突出。如何解决学前教育"入园难"和"入园贵"的问题成为我国学前教育事业改革面临的主要问题。. 本课题拟从教育供给的角度出发，综合考虑学前教育的社会福利性质和公共产品属性，分析学前教育产品的权益属性、供给主体和影响因素，建立学前教育供给的理论模型。以DEA模型为基础，以学前教育发展的历史数据为依据，实证研究和比较"公办园"与"民办园"的供给效率。探讨如何通过制度创新扩大学前教育产品的供给渠道，建立"公私合作"、多主体参与举办学前教育的模式，以及对困难家庭和幼儿教育进行补贴，学前教育办学质量进行监控等制度建设，多渠道、多方式地改善学前教育供给状况。

本项目综合运用质性和量化相结合的混合研究策略，结合国家宏观统计数据，在全国11所城市开展学前教育供给效率和供给质量问卷调查，在部分典型城市进行了实地调研和访谈，全面研究了学前教育供给现状、供给效率和家长对学前教育供给质量的满意度情况。.研究发现：（1）目前学前教育供给总量不足与结构短缺并存，学前教育供给存在制度路径依赖，学前教育管理运行有待规范化。（2）通过对省际层面学前教育供给效率的宏观分析和幼儿园际层面学前教育供给效率的微观研究，发现我国不同地区学前教育供给效率存在显著差异，不同类型园所的办学效率也存在显著差异，幼儿教师编制和班级规模等是影响学前教育供给效率的主要因素。（3）通过研究家长对学前教育供给质量的满意度，揭示出目前学前教育供给质量虽有改善，但在幼儿园的地理位置、开展外语和特色教育、家园沟通方面的满意度还比较低。基于此，项目从明确政府的公共职责范围，完善政府财政投入机制、提高财政补贴的效用、完善学前教育多主体供给机制、加大省级政府的学前教育统筹能力等方面提出了有效供给的政策建议。.本项目积累了学前教育供给效率研究数据、基于家长视角的学前教育质量研究数据、地方政府学前教育供给创新文献资料库等多个相关数据资料和文献。本项目公开发表期刊论文3篇，学术性学位论文4篇（硕士毕业论文3篇，本科毕业论文1篇），培养指导本科生和硕士生6名。