基于高温气体光谱辐射的激波层绕流场与电磁场耦合机理研究

With the urgent need for hypersonic target detection and early warning, the project will study the mechanism of the coupling between the high temperature gas flow around the shock layer and the electromagnetic field. Based on the analysis of physical-chemical-thermodynamics characteristics of non-equilibrium chemical reactions of high temperature gases, the correlation between spectral radiation characteristics and the characteristics of the shock layer around the flow field will be discussed. Combined with the atmospheric physical properties, the atomic and molecular spectral line transition rules, the chemical reaction kinetic model and the radiation transport theory, the spectral radiation characteristics and the generation physical mechanism of the high temperature gas medium field will be studied, and the spectral radiation model considering the high temperature gas flow around the shock layer will be established. Based on the principle of aero optics, the correspondence between the density of high temperature gas flow field and the optical refractive index will be studied, and the parameter model of high temperature gas medium field will be established, and comparisons will be made between the result obtained by solving the generalized high-temperature flow field equation, and the correctness of the model will be verified. Combined with the application cases, the law and characteristics of optical wave transmission and light wave vibration surface distortion in the refractive index field of non-uniform optical media will be analyzed. The above research will provide theoretical reference and technical support for related research, such as the flow condition of hypersonic target detection and identification, the high temperature gas under non-equilibrium chemical reaction model, at the same time; it may perhaps provide technical support for design etc. near space hypersonic vehicle related researches.

针对高超声速目标探测预警的迫切需求，项目拟开展激波层高温气体绕流场与电磁场间相互耦合作用的机理研究。通过对高温气体的非平衡化学反应中物理-化学-热力学特征的分析，讨论光谱辐射特性与激波层绕流场特性之间的相关性。结合大气物理特性，原子分子谱线跃迁规律，化学反应动力学模型以及辐射输运理论，研究高温气体介质场的光谱辐射特性及其产生机理，建立激波层高温气体绕流场的光谱辐射模型。结合气动光学原理，研究高温气体流场密度与光学折射率的对应关系，建立高温气体介质场的参数化模型，并与通过求解广义高温流场基本方程得到的结果进行对比，验证模型的正确性。结合应用场景，分析非均匀光学介质折射率场中光波的传输、光波振面畸变规律及特性。以上研究将对高速飞行器探测与识别、高温气体流动条件下的非平衡化学反应模型等相关研究提供理论参考和技术支撑，同时也为我国临近空间高超声速飞行器的研发、设计等相关研究提供技术支撑。

本项目的研究课题主要针对临近空间高超声速飞行器周围的激波层的高温气体与电磁场的相互耦合作用机理展开研究。主要取得的研究工作的重要结果和进展如下：1）通过高温气体的光谱辐射特性，结合气动光学、化学、物理光谱学的理论，研究了激波层绕流场光谱特性与高温气体的非平衡化学反应中物理-化学-热力学参量间的相关性。建立了非平衡态粒子高能级数密度的分布的碰撞-辐射模型。通过与文献激波及尾焰光谱辐射数据的对比，验证了该模型的正确性与有效性。2）通过流场仿真，得到了不同飞行状态的激波层流场，研究了高温气体流场密度变化与光学折射率的对应关系，建立了典型高超声速飞行器周围高温气体介质场的参数化模型。采用物理光学方法，分析了激波层高温气体中光波的畸变及偏折特性。3）结合高温激波层及尾焰的绕流场，利用辐射传输方程，求解了高温激波层的光谱辐射特性，建立了多波段的典型组分及混合组分的高温气体光谱辐射模型，并验证了模型的正确性。4）采用多维度的矢量涡旋光束作为入射波研究了其与激波层的相互耦合作用，得到了轨道角动量等参量与激波层高温气体扰流场之间的相互作用规律。5）理论推导了弱可压缩流、近壁面湍流等高超声速飞行器周围流场的谱特征、波结构函数的解析表达式，分析了激波层的闪烁指数、各向异性激波湍流介质层中电磁波的传播特性等。这些研究成果可为临近空间高超声速飞行器相关的光通信、目标探测与识别等相关的应用场景的研究提供理论基础和技术支撑。