肌氧特征参数的定量模型在赛艇运动员机能评定中的研究

Measuring and evaluating the physiological parameters and function of human body accurately, objectively and in real time is one of the important problem in the sport training. Blood lactate concentration and cardio-respiratory parameters were the existed effective evaluation parameters for investigating the motor function and aerobic metabolism. While the existed approaches for physiological parameters mentioned above were insufficient to meet the practical requirements because the monitoring approaches were invasive, uncomfortable,time-delayed, or discontinuous. As a noninvasive, real-time, in vivo, and continuous technique, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could detect the changes in muscle oxygenation, which could represent the local aerobic metabolism ability. Based on our previous researches, muscle oxygenation was highly correlated with blood lactate and oxygen uptake, which were coincident with the reports of other groups. However, the relationships between NIRS parameter and classic physiological parameter were mainly qualitative descriptions. In this research we would investigate the NIRS muscle oxygenation and systemic physiological parameters of boat rowers inside and outside of the laboratory by using concept 2 rowing ergometer. By this way, we could thoroughly and systematically explore quantitative relationship between muscle oxygenation and systemic aerobic capacity indices (blood lactate concentration and cardio-respiratory parameters), and then establish a NIRS muscle oxygenation related database and evaluation system of aerobic fitness. A more practical and suitable method for NIRS muscle oxygenation will be provided, which is an effective and supplementary method for existed evaluating system. In brief, this research would provide new approaches for the development of the theory and practice in sports medicine research.

实时、客观、准确地监测与评定运动人体机能状态是运动训练科学化进程中亟待解决的关键问题之一。目前的评定体系中主要采用血乳酸和心肺功能等全身性指标来评价人体氧化代谢能力，但指标的获取存在有损、延迟等弊端。在前期研究工作中，我们已建立无损、实时、定量的近红外肌氧监测方法，肌氧含量很有潜力成为运动机能评定体系的新指标，遗憾的是，目前肌氧含量的相关研究还处于描述性和解释性研究阶段，与经典生理指标间的定量关系尚未建立，导致无法进行量化的研究和评定。本项目拟采用赛艇运动范式，从肌肉神经活动和局部氧供平衡的角度，系统地研究并提取递增负荷运动中上下肢和核心区域等多部位肌肉组织肌氧特征参数，探索局部的肌氧特征参数与血乳酸及心肺功能指标间相互影响和相互作用的规律并建立数学模型，以期建立、发展和完善肌氧特征参数的评定体系，更加实时、客观和准确地评定运动人体的机能状态，从而为运动医学的理论和实践开辟新的途径。

纵观运动科学发展历程与特点，先进的科学仪器和技术手段的应用在该领域研究中起着举足轻重的作用。通过与经典的血乳酸检测技术进行比较研究，在运动实践中发展了基于近红外光谱术的肌氧监测方法，并且初步建立了相应的定量监测肌肉活动与疲劳度的检测系统。重要的研究结果包括：（1）完成了肌氧含量无损监测过程中硬件的优化：主要涉及近红外光源的选择，激发光的波长和功率，光电探测器的选择以及激发源和探测器之间的距离；（2）常用的工作骨骼肌测量部位的优化：通过大量数据优化出既能代表肌肉的工作特点，又有高性噪比特性的监测范围；（3）信号的预处理和提取优化：主要涉及从光电探测器记录的原始光子信息到最终电脑屏幕显示的肌氧曲线，其中涉及到滤波，平滑，近似计算和提取算法；（4）证实了在递增负荷的运动过程中，局部肌肉组织的肌氧参数和血乳酸直接的定量关系，并设计研发了肌氧和肌电联合监测系统，为研究人员提供了一种在运动实践中长时程、连续、无损和在体监测局部骨骼肌肌氧变化的研究方法。