人联网的机会路由机制研究

An internet of people is an adhoc network connecting people using their mobile devices through short-distance wireless communication technologies. It takes advantage of the human mobility and their social ties to explore the interactions and relationships of the network and human behaviors for disseminating, searching and sharing information. The communication in the internet of people uses the opportunistic mode. Hence, it is challenging to design an effective opportunistic routing due to the frequent, long-duration disrupted network links. However, because of not exploiting the traits of the internet of people, existing strategies usually have low efficiency and even cannot adapt to some complex scenarios in the internet of people. To solve these problems, this project will study the following three problems: (1) modeling the information dissemination in the dynamic stochastic coupled networks to reveal the essentiality of information dissemination at the levels of macroscopic and microscopic and study the information dissemination dynamics in the internet of people, providing the theoretical basis for designing the effective opportunistic strategies; (2) designing the opportunistic strategies for heterogeneous objectives in the internet of people, which takes into consideration the attributes and traits of heterogeneous objectives to enhance the efficiencies of communications among nodes and content distribution; (3) designing the opportunistic routing for the spectrum-sensing-based cognitive internet of people, which selects the cognitive relays according to the mobility traits of nodes and spectra to enhance the communication efficiency and maximize the spectrum utilization.

人联网是依靠移动便携终端，通过短距离无线通信技术相连的、以人为中心的自组织网络。它以人类移动性和社会交互性为切入点，探索网络与人类行为的相互影响与关联，为信息的传播、搜索和共享开辟新途径。人联网的通信采用机会方式，受限的网络链路给机会路由带来挑战。然而，现有方案并未针对人联网的特性而设计，导致低效路由、甚至无法适应复杂的人联网场景。针对这些问题，本课题拟通过研究以下内容来解决：(1)建立动态随机耦合网络的信息传播模型，揭示信息传播的宏观及微观本质，研究人联网的信息传播动力学特性，为设计高效的机会路由机制提供理论基础；(2)设计面向异质服务对象的人联网机会路由策略，考虑异质服务对象的属性和特点，以提高节点的通信效率和内容分发效率；(3)设计基于频谱感知的认知人联网机会路由策略，根据节点移动的时空特性、频谱的时空演化规律，设计高效的认知中继选择机制，在提高通信效率的同时，最大化频谱资源利用率。

人联网是依靠手机、手持电脑等移动便携终端，通过短距离无线通信技术连接起来的、以人为中心的自组织网络。由于信息的传播依赖于人与人之间的机会耦合互联，因此，人联网的节点通信是一种机会通信。然而，现有的机会路由策略并未针对人联网的特性而设计，导致低效路由、甚至无法适应复杂的人联网场景。针对这些问题，本课题根据人联网信息传播动力学特性，提出了三种机会路由算法，分别是面向节点的人联网机会路由算法、面向内容的人联网机会路由算法以及认知人联网机会路由算法。其中，面向节点的人联网机会路由算法考虑了人的社会属性进行了路由中继的深度和宽度搜索，该算法同时具有分布式、可扩展以及轻量级的特点，与同类算法相比，所提算法实现了更高的传输成功率和更短的传输时延；面向内容的人联网机会路由算法通过拍卖方式来选择中继，并根据中继与内容请求者的兴趣重叠概率对传统的拍卖方案进行优化，从经济角度实现了最优路由中继选择，实验表明，所提方案相比同类方案获得了更好的路由传输质量以及更高的社会福利；认知人联网的机会路由策略基于人类移动和频谱移动的时空规律性提出，与现有的机会路由算法相比，由于同时考虑了时域、空域和频域进行设计，使其具有更高的路由传输效率。上述三个算法的提出，提高了人联网的信息传输效率，有利于该类网络走向大规模应用。