富勒醇及其与金属纳米材料复合暴露对植物作用机制的多组学研究

Fullerenol, a carbon based nanomaterial (NM), has unique physiochemical properties, such as antioxidant capacities, which enable a wide application of fullerenol in a variety of fields such as medicine and cosmetics. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) could be released into agricultural soil via a number of pathways. Plants, especially crop plants, are primary producers of terrestrial ecosystems. Investigating the effects of fullerenol NMs on plants are of great important for their environmental risk assessment. In addition, fullerenol NMs are exhibiting great potential in agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate their toxicity effects on plant for their sustainable application in agriculture. In this project, we will investigate the interaction between fullerenol NMs and two crop plants (cucumber and corn) at physiological and molecular levels. Meanwhile, the effects of fullerenol NMs on the toxicity of nano-Cu and nano-Fe will be investigated. By combining metabolomics and proteomics, the deep insight into the underlying mechanisms of the impacts of NMs (fullerenol, metal nanoparticles, fullerenol+metal nanoparticles) on plants will be studied. The results will help to understand the environmental impacts of fullerenol NMs and guide for their sustainable use in agriculture. Importantly, the combined multi-omics techniques employed in this project will supply powerful tools to evaluate the environmental impact of other emerging contaminants.

碳基纳米材料富勒醇具有抗氧化等独特的理化特性，这使其在医药、化妆品等诸多领域有着广泛应用。人工纳米材料可能会以多种途径进入土壤，而植物是陆地生态系统的初级生产者，研究富勒醇对植物的毒性效应对于其安全使用极为重要。此外，近年来富勒醇在促进作物生长和植物保护等方面也表现出极大的潜力。研究富勒醇对植物毒性效应机理是其在农业中可持续应用的前提。本项目拟探究富勒醇单独暴露及其与纳米金属材料（纳米铜、纳米铁）共同暴露下，植物(玉米、黄瓜)的生理和分子响应。拟采用代谢组学和蛋白质组学技术相结合，从代谢和蛋白水平上研究富勒醇及其与纳米金属材料共同暴露下对植物的毒性效应机理。研究结果将为全面而深入的评价富勒醇的环境行为和风险，实现其安全、可持续应用提供理论依据；项目中所采用的代谢组学和蛋白质组学的联合组学方法也将为研究其它新型污染物环境风险提供新的工具。

碳基纳米材料富勒烯具有抗氧化等独特的理化特性，这使其在医药、化妆品等诸多领域有着广泛应用。富勒烯可能会以多种途径进入环境，而植物和蓝藻分别是陆地生态系统和水生生态系统的初级生产者，研究富勒烯对植物和蓝藻的毒性效应对于评估其环境风险极为重要。本项目以黄瓜和念珠藻为研究对象，探究了富勒烯水溶性衍生物-富勒醇对黄瓜和念珠藻的毒性效应。结果表明，富勒醇（受试浓度）未对黄瓜幼苗和念珠藻造成毒性效应。相反，叶面喷施富勒醇能够显著增加黄瓜叶片中与捕光和电子传递相关的蛋白合成，显著促进光合作用。富勒醇对于固氮蓝藻-念珠藻的生长具有类似作用，能够显著促进念珠藻碳固定相关的卡尔文循环，增强念珠藻利用光合作用固定CO2的效率。因此，我们提出了纳米材料-蓝细菌的光合细胞工厂的概念，即利用蓝细菌本身的代谢过程固定CO2, 同时生产有价化学品或燃料前驱体。继而我们又发现，具有半导体特性的纳米二硫化钼能够显著促进念珠藻的氮代谢和多种氨基酸和有价化学品的生物合成。本研究在评估了富勒醇的潜在环境风险的同时，挖掘出了富勒醇等具有类酶催化活性的纳米材料在碳固定和新能源方面的潜在作用。