超导磁分离污水处理强磁场下磁种与有机物、重金属离子相互作用机制研究

Water pollution is becoming more and more serious, and at the same time the requirement of the quality of available water is urgent, which are the double challenges for our motherland. Superconducting magnetic separation is a new technology for wastewater treatment. Comparing to traditional treatment methods, it has some advantages, such as the high efficiency, lower investment, smaller are occupied and shorter period of processing. Internal and controlling mechanism between the magnetic seeds and the pollutions need to be clearly answered, however, no such theoretical basis can be found. Based on such issues, this project focuses on the magnetic seeds with high property, reveal the relationship between composite and the microstructure, then study the possible influence of the pollutant capture and removal, together with the fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics and electromagnetic method. Meanwhile, the wastewater treatment process will be controlled by several factors as the magnetic field, the magnetic seed, pollutants, flow rate et.al. Then analyzing the experimental data and simulational results, the relationship between the various magnetic field intensity and pollutants’ the capture, adsorption and removal, together with the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), standard ammoniacal nitrogen and the concentration of the heavy metal ions, can be carefully developed. Finally, trying to establish the scientific concept and mechanism of the superconducting wastewater separation system, it can guide the preparation of magnetic seeds, and can afford theoretical basis for the application of the superconducting magnetic wastewater treatment.

日趋严重的水污染和日益提高的水质标准是我国水处理领域的双重挑战。超导磁分离污水处理技术高效、经济、占地面积小、处理周期短，在节水和环保的迫切需求下应运而生。强磁场下磁种与有机物、重金属离子相互作用机制和控制机制是制约超导磁分离污水处理的核心问题，目前尚无明确理论依据。针对此关键问题，本项目首先探寻表面功能化磁种的制备工艺，揭示组分和微观结构的关系，其次从分子、离子动态吸附的角度研究磁种孔隙特征、表面状况、磁性能等条件对污染物捕获和去除可能产生的影响，进一步采用仿真模拟和实验探究的手段完成连续化超导磁分离污水处理过程中磁场强度、污水流速与处理后污水的COD（化学需氧量）、氨氮指标、金属离子浓度等参量的测量，然后再结合流体力学、分子动力学、电磁学方法理论推导和计算分析，最终阐明强磁场下磁种与有机物、重金属离子的相互作用机制，为超导磁分离实际污水处理积累数据和提供理论依据。

超导磁分离污水处理技术高效、经济、占地面积小、处理周期短，在节水和环保的迫切需求下应运而生。高效磁种的研制和强磁场下超导磁分离污水处理实验室本项目的两大研究任务。本项目首先探寻表面功能化磁种的制备工艺，采用超声雾化法连续制备磁性空心活性炭磁种，并进行表征研究其表面结构磁性能和对于污染物吸附性能；在磁性空心活性炭磁种基础上采用沉淀法，使其表面包覆一层羟基磷灰石，来增强其对于重金属离子污染物的吸附，表征并研究了其吸附性能。结果显示：磁性羟基磷灰石磁种能够很好的吸附重金属离子和有机物分子污染物，包覆一层羟基磷灰石后其重金属离子吸附性能得到了很大提高，应用范围得到拓展。本项目的另一项研究任务是强磁场下超导磁分离污水处理过程中污染物与磁种相互作用和磁种捕获性能研究。实验中超导磁分离系统样机连续运行，使用的是沉淀法生产的磁种来处理甲基紫污水，效果显著，处理后水样澄清透明；磁种的饱和磁化强度为46emu/g，超导磁体的磁场强度为1T时就能够完全捕获吸附污染物的磁种。本项目的研究具有重要的理论研究和实际应用意义，能为超导磁分离实际污水处理积累数据和提供理论依据。