水中重金属高通量检测的分子信标-微流控芯片新技术研究

A variety of environmental heavy metal contamination in water has become increasingly server leading to water environmental deterioration and irreversible damage to human health. The government have attached great importance. The current vertification methods in labotory are time-consuming, high-costing and the filed detection methods are one-to-one and low-sensitive which can not yet satisfy the urgent demands for rapid, trace and high-throughput monitoring. The project is focused on typical heavy metal ion contaminants in water, such as lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, etc. as detection targets. We are ready to design and screen specific molecular beacons for these targets, discussing the coding stratageies and the recognition mechanisms and kinetics process between them for seeking theoretical evidence of capturing and intermolecular interaction. Grafting and modifying functionalized nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes to immobilize on the surface of microfluidic chip channel. And molecular beacons are to be coupled on these nanomaterials by graft modification. A rapid, simple, accurate and molecular beacon-microfluidic analytical technology for multiplex heavy metal ion contaminants is to be established by integrating and setting up a multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence detector. It can provide theoretical supports for the building-up of high-throughput molecular beacon-microfluidic chip system with independent intellectual property rights for the achievements of multiple, trace and specific detection of coexistent heavy metal contaminations in environmental water. It is characteristic of theoretical values and application prospect which can be used for supervision and monitoring of heavy metal pollution in these water environments such as source water, drinking water and contaminative water, even for the technological supporting and safeguard of emergency disposals of water pollution.

水中多种重金属污染日趋严重，导致水环境恶化，对人体产生不可逆的健康危害。国家已经高度重视，目前实验室确证方法耗时长、成本高，现场检测法单一、灵敏度低，尚不能完全满足对重金属的快速、高灵敏和高通量监测的迫切需求。因此，本项目针对我国水体中污染严重的典型重金属铅、汞、砷和镉等，设计并筛选特异识别性能的分子信标，探讨其编码策略，研究分子信标与其识别作用机制和动力学过程，为重金属捕获、分子间作用机制研究提供理论依据；接枝修饰能在微流控芯片微通道表面偶联的功能化石墨烯、碳纳米管等纳米材料。将分子信标固定在纳米材料表面；集成和构建多通道激光诱导荧光检测器，为建立具有自主知识产权的分子信标-微流控芯片系统提供理论支撑，实现水环境中共存重金属污染的多元、痕量和特异检测。可用于水源水、饮用水和污染水等不同水体中重金属污染的监督监测，为水污染突发事件的应急处置提供技术支撑和保障，具有很好的理论价值和应用前景。

该项目针对我国水体中污染严重的典型重金属铅、汞、砷和镉等，设计并筛选特异识别性能的分子信标，探讨其编码策略，研究分子信标与其识别作用机制和动力学过程，为重金属捕获、分子间作用机制研究提供理论依据；接枝修饰能在微流控芯片微通道表面偶联的功能化石墨烯、碳纳米管等纳米材料。将分子信标固定在纳米材料表面；集成和构建多通道激光诱导荧光检测器，检测水中重金属含量的电势偏置相敏成像传感器传感技术平台，设计了 2 种微流控芯片微通道管路和进样样片；实现了对重金属铅、汞和镉三种重金属的多通道分子信标-微流控芯片的检测，灵敏度达到ng级，检测区间3-5个数量级,最低检出限接近或达到国标要求，为建立具有自主知识产权的分子信标-微流控芯片系统提供理论支撑，实现水环境中共存重金属污染的多元、痕量和特异检测。可用于水源水、饮用水和污染水等不同水体中重金属污染的监督监测，为水污染突发事件的应急处置提供技术支撑和保障。