废旧电池有价金属资源化回收制备铁钴氧体负极材料的机理研究

With the increasing lithium ion battery market requirements, reasonable disposal of waste batteries will effectively promote recycling economy and the sustainable development of lithium ion batteries.This project intends to carry out a study on the recycling and efficient utilization of waste lithium ion battery NCM cathode materials.A new idea of preparing anode materials with excellent performance by using the NCM cathode material leaching liquid of waste lithium ion battery was put forward, a new technology of short-process recycling and reusing waste batteries was developed.The interaction mechanism of each metal component phase in the process of leaching and purification is clarified, which can effectively shorten the technological process and improve the efficiency of leaching and purification.High efficiency directional separation of impurity elements was realized, and the influencing factors for the direct preparation of functional anode materials with controllable component phases were revealed. Multi-angle relationship of "composition-structure-performance" was constructed to improve the electrochemical properties of the materials through nano-materialization, so as to develop new high-performance anode materials.This project provides a theoretical basis for the NCM cathode material treatment of waste lithium ion batteries and the short process and value-added utilization of scarce valuable metal nickel-cobalt resources.

随着不断扩大的锂离子电池市场需求，合理处置废旧电池将有效促进循环经济和推动锂离子电池可持续发展。本项目拟开展废旧锂离子电池三元正极材料资源化和高效利用的研究。提出通过废旧锂离子电池三元材料浸出液直接高效制备性能优异的负极材料的新思路，开发一种短流程回收再利用废旧电池的新工艺。阐明浸出提纯过程中各金属组元相的相互作用机制，有效缩短工艺流程，提高浸出提纯效率；实现杂质元素的高效定向分离，揭示直接制备组元相可控的功能型负极材料的影响因素，构建“成分-结构-性能”多角度关系，通过材料纳米化实现电化学性能的改善，开发出新型高性能负极材料。本项目为废旧电池三元正极材料处理和稀缺有价金属镍钴资源的短流程、增值化利用提供理论基础。

随着锂离子电池的发展与普及，废旧锂离子电池的回收俨然成为当下一个热门研究对象之一。然而，目前的回收工艺普遍存在金属分离困难、工艺流程冗长、反应机理不明等问题。本项目通过回收废旧电池材料并再生性能优异的材料，以短流程和高效率为回收设计理念，实现清洁循环与高值化利用的有机结合，为废旧电池材料处理和稀缺金属资源利用提供理论基础。.（1）采用火法为基础工艺，系统开展废旧正极材料的回收再生研究，主要涵盖钴酸锂LCO以及三元正极NCM/NCA，结合热力学优势区间图阐明金属的转化机制以及条件控制的关键因素，再生负极产物应用于锂/钠离子电池中展示出优异的电化学性能。.（2）采用湿法为基础工艺，针对回收对象的性质特征，分别开展酸法体系和碱法体系下的回收再生研究，结合浸出动力学模型阐明金属离子的赋存形式与控制步骤，对于杂质元素实现目标性去除或控制掺杂，设计制备性能良好的正极或负极材料。.（3）探究利用废旧负极石墨材料，以火法和湿法两种方法实现废旧石墨的结构与电化学性能的双重修复乃至优化，结合多种表征手段，解析杂质分离的过程特征，明晰回收过程的作用机理。.通过本项目的研究，实现废旧锂离子电池有价组分的综合循环利用，为今后废旧材料的增值化回收提供借鉴意义和理论依据。具有科学意义和借鉴价值。.