基于图案化高分子刷模板的异质结构二维纳米材料的可控制备研究

By employing both the “bottom-up” and “top-down” strategies, various synthetic methods, including chemical vapor deposition, physicochemical exfoliation, and wet-chemical synthesis, have been established to synthesize various two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. However, these established methods typically suffer from poor control over size and morphology, and lack of universality, which should be ascribed to the ultrahigh specific surface areas of 2D nanomaterials and the totally different properties and chemical compositions of their corresponding bulk materials. As a result, it remains a great challenge to develop a robust, efficient, and controllable method for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials. In the present project, following the templated synthesis strategy, a general and widely applicable method is proposed to fabricate 2D nanomaterials with various compositions and morphologies by using patterned polymer brushes as the 2D “nanoreactor templates”. By controlling the size and spatial structure of such nano-reactors through adjusting the molecular parameters of block copolymer brushes, 2D nanomaterials with tunable size, composition and morphology could be obtained. It is anticipated that the present project could provide a powerful technological platform for controlled preparation and diverse applications of novel 2D nanomaterials.

基于“自下而上”和“自上而下”的合成策略，人们已经建立了包括气相沉积、物化剥离、湿化学法等合成方法来制备各类二维纳米材料。然而这些制备方法在可控性和通用性等方面还存在较多问题。考虑到二维纳米材料具有较大比表面积，以及不同本体材料在性质和组分上具有多样性的特点，探寻一种通用、高效、可控的二维纳米材料的制备方法仍然是一项重大挑战。在本项目中，申请人提出以图案化高分子刷作为二维纳米反应器，结合模板合成的策略，期望发展出一种具有可控性和广泛适用性的多组分、多形貌无机二维纳米材料的制备方法。本项目预期通过调节嵌段共聚物刷的分子参数来控制二维纳米反应器的尺寸和空间结构，进而实现对二维纳米材料的尺寸、组分和形貌的精确调控。此项目的顺利开展预期将为实现二维纳米材料的可控制备以及扩展二维纳米材料的应用前景提供重要的技术平台。

基于“自下而上”和“自上而下”的合成策略，气相沉积、物化剥离、湿化学法等合成方法被广泛应用制备各类二维纳米材料。然而这些制备方法在可控性和通用性等方面还存在较多问题。考虑到二维纳米材料具有较大比表面积，以及不同本体材料在性质和组分上具有多样性的特点，探寻一种通用、高效、可控的二维纳米材料的制备方法仍然是一项重大挑战。在本项目中，我们提出以图案化高分子刷作为二维纳米反应器，结合模板合成的策略，发展出一种具有可控性和广泛适用性的多组分、多形貌无机二维纳米材料的制备方法。这种基于二维图案化高分子刷模板的合成方法能广泛适用于制备各类半导体、金属氧化物、金属等无机材料；同时可通过控制高分子刷的空间结构和分子参数，精确调控在模板中制备的二维纳米材料的组成、结构、形貌、尺寸和表面化学性质等参数。作为模型体系，成功制备了表面平滑且厚度均匀的图案化ZnO纳米结构，且其形貌与尺寸精确可调，比如成功制备了条纹状、扑克状、字母状以及方块状ZnO纳米结构。还实现了Ag、Pt、Fe2O3、CuO、Co3O4和NiO图案化二维纳米材料的成功制备。为后续探索这种具有独特结构和性质的二维纳米材料在化学、凝聚态物理和材料科学等领域中的广泛应用奠定了基础。