积雪冻土径流过程及新安江模型拓展研究

The understanding of the hydrological cycle in the cryosphere can be benefitted from the study of the runoff regime and the development of applicable hydrological models in the area, which has important significances in both academic and practical aspects. Targeting on the deficiencies in current researches, this proposal aims to address three scientific questions including (1) thermodynamic processes of freezing and thawing of snow and frozen soil as well as the identification criterion of freeze-thaw state; (2) mass-energy balance scheme between hillslope and atmosphere in snow and frozen soil area; and (3) multi-runoff yield mechanism. Therefore, three aspects of research will be conducted including (1) simulation and identification of freeze-thaw cycle; (2) analysis and development of the mass-energy balance scheme; and (3) development of multi-runoff scheme and improvement of the Xin’anjiang hydrological model. This proposed research will innovate the mass-energy balance-based approach for simulating the heat transfer in snow-frozen soil, which serves as the basis for revealing the law of freeze-thaw cycle , as well as the runoff yield pattern in snow and frozen area. These findings will contribute to the multi-runoff yield scheme which will be coupled to the Xin’anjiang model to consummate the theory, improve the structure and extend the applicability of the model.

研究积雪冻土流域的径流过程并构建适用的模型，有助于更全面地掌握区域的水文循环过程，在理论及实用角度都具有重要的意义。针对目前研究中存在的不足，本项目以积雪冻土冻融热动力过程与冻融判别准则、积雪冻土流域陆气界面及包气带水量能量耦合平衡机理，以及积雪冻土流域多元径流混合产流机制等科学问题为导向，开展积雪冻土冻融过程模拟及辨识、积雪冻土流域水量能量耦合平衡机理解析，以及多元产流机制构建与新安江模型拓展等方面的研究工作。本项目将创新基于水量能量耦合平衡的积雪冻土连续体热传导模拟方法，揭示积雪冻土的冻融规律及多元产流机制。以新安江模型为基础，构建包括积雪冻土融水径流、降雨径流等多元径流耦合的模型结构，进一步完善新安江模型的产汇流理论、改进模型的结构，以及拓展模型的应用领域。

研究积雪冻土流域的径流过程并构建适用的模型，有助于更全面地掌握区域的水文循环过程，在理论及实用角度都具有重要的意义。针对目前研究中存在的不足，本项目以积雪冻土冻融热动力过程与冻融判别准则、积雪冻土流域陆气界面及包气带水量能量耦合平衡机理，以及积雪冻土流域多元径流混合产流机制等科学问题为导向，开展积雪冻土冻融过程模拟及辨识、积雪冻土流域水量能量耦合平衡机理解析、多元产流机制构建、基于机器学习的模型参数定量计算、新安江模型拓展等方面的研究工作。本项目提出了基于水量能量耦合平衡的积雪冻土连续体热传导模拟方法，揭示积雪冻土的冻融规律及多元产流机制。以新安江模型为基础，构建包括积雪冻土融水径流、降雨径流等多元径流耦合的模型结构，提出了相应的参数定量计算方法，进一步完善新安江模型的产汇流理论、改进模型的结构，以及拓展模型的应用领域。实证研究表明，本项目构建的分布式水文模型具有较好的模拟效果。