安全苛刻系统测试过程中高阶协同性和实时时序性研究

The trustworthiness is crucial for safety-critical systems (SCS), and their testing plays a decisive role in evaluating and verifying the trustworthiness of SCS. While SCS are usually complex and dramatically huge, in fact testing SCS manually is unfeasible in practice. As a result automatic testing SCS has become an essential way to ensure the trustworthiness of SCS. Based on our existing research work, aims at structures and behaviors of products under test in SCS, Model of products under test is studied to formally describe states of products under test and define the procedure of test.Then aims at high order collaboration, real-time and temporal characteristics in the process of SCS testing, theories and methods of SCS automatic test are researched, and a formal model is brought up to describe these characteristics in the testing process of SCS, and the model's convergency and correctness are reasoned. Following, a testing language is put forward to implement the automation of SCS testing, and the language is general in the point that it is independent of products under test and testing equipments during SCS testing. At last, a prototype system is designed and implemented to verify the theories and methods advanced. The contribution is helpful to improve testing of SCS and is of advantage to support verifying the trustworthiness of SCS.

安全苛刻系统的可信需求典型而迫切。安全苛刻系统一般是复杂系统，其可信性问题具有测试依赖性，信息化和自动化测试手段是支撑安全苛刻系统可信性评估和验证的可靠保障。在已有实际工作和初步理论研究工作基础上，针对安全苛刻系统测试中被测产品结构和行为特点，研究被测产品建模方法，形式定义测试过程。在此基础上，针对安全苛刻系统测试过程中存在的高阶协同性、实时和时序性等特点，研究高阶协同、实时和时序的演算模型，刻画测试过程。以上述理论为基础，研究安全苛刻系统测试的通用测试语言，支持测试过程自动化，并支持语言具有独立于具体硬件设备的通用性；最后将通过建立原型系统进一步验证上述理论与方法的可行性和有效性。研究成果对于提高安全苛刻系统的测试效率，验证安全苛刻系统的可信性具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

课题通过对面向可信性问题的安全苛刻系统自动化测试理论和方法研究，采用形式化方法为安全苛刻系统测试过程的自动化建立了形式化模型，并以此为基础设计和实现了安全苛刻系统测试语言和原型系统，完成了安全攸关系统测试的自动化。主要包括：.（1）给出了安全苛刻系统测试中被测产品的形式化模型。通过对被测产品结构和状态的形式化抽象，建立了测试过程中被测产品事件和激励反馈的形式定义，给出了安全攸关系统被测产品的形式建模。该模型是测试过程自动化建模的基础，也将支持将来安全苛刻系统虚拟测试中被测产品的虚拟建模和评估。.（2）给出了安全苛刻系统测试过程模型。该模型具有高阶性、实时时序性，分别刻画了在测试过程中高阶指令、高阶指令之间的实时协同和交互过程。最后验证了模型的收敛性和可靠性。.（3）设计和实现了一种安全苛刻系统通用测试语言。该语言以安全苛刻系统测试过程模型为基础，给出了测试语言中的高阶测试设备语句的定义。使得基于该语言的测试系统与具体被测产品、测试设备解耦合，从而支持测试语言的通用性。