宫内发育迟缓哺乳仔猪肠道微生态特征与生长调节机制

In the current large-scale pig production, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) presents the high incidence and serious harm. Therefore, it is great significant to discover the underlying mechanism to prevent the occurrence of this disease, and then improve the pig production efficiency. Intestinal microbes play very important roles in the host nutrient utilization, immune response, and regulation in growth and development, which have become the hotspot in international life sciences and medical research in recent years. The applicants have accumulated a good research foundation for pig IUGR and intestinal microecological regulation. Therefore, the project proposes the following scientific issues: 1) what is the differences in intestinal microbial colonization and development profiles, as well as their metabolic pattern, between the nursing piglets with IUGR and normal piglets? 2) how the microbial metabolites involve in the regulation of metabolism and intake/growth and development of IUGR piglets? This study was conducted to compare the differences in intestinal microbial composition and diversity, metabolite contents, blood biochemical parameters, and levels of molecular, gene expression, and protein abundance related to intake/growth regulation between the normal developmental piglets and IUGR piglets at different days of age. The aim is to find the core flora and key metabolites significantly related to the IUGR, and deepen the understanding of mechanism of IUGR incidence from the body metabolism and intake/growth regulation of neonatal pig with IUGR, to provide evidence for the development of IUGR control measures.

宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）在目前规模化养猪生产中的发生率高、危害大，认识其发生机制对预防该病的发生、提高养猪生产效率具有重要意义。肠道微生物在宿主营养物质利用、免疫应答和生长发育调节等方面非常重要，近年来已成为国际生命科学和医学领域的研究热点。申请人在猪IUGR和肠道微生态调控方面积累了很好的研究基础。因此本项目提出IUGR哺乳仔猪肠道微生物的定植与发育规律及其代谢特性、微生物代谢产物参与IUGR仔猪代谢和摄食/生长发育调节的分子机制等科学问题，通过比较不同日龄正常发育仔猪和IUGR仔猪肠道微生物组成和多样性、代谢产物含量、血液生化参数和摄食/生长调节相关分子含量以及相关基因表达和蛋白质丰度的差异，筛选出与IUGR显著相关的核心菌群和关键代谢产物，并从机体代谢和摄食/生长调节方面阐明IUGR新生仔猪生长发育的调控机制，深化对IUGR发生机制的认识，为研发其防治措施提供依据。

宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）在规模化养猪生产中的发生率高、危害大，认识其发生机制对预防该病的发生、提高养猪生产效率具有重要意义。肠道微生物在宿主营养物质利用、免疫应答和生长发育调节等方面非常重要，成为国际生命科学和医学领域的研究热点。因此，本项目开展了以下研究内容：不同妊娠-泌乳期母猪的血浆和粪便代谢物、肠道微生物组成的变化规律；1~21日龄IUGR和NBW仔猪生长性能、粪便菌群组成和SCFA的差异；7、21和28日龄IUGR和NBW仔猪生长性能、血浆代谢物和摄食/生长调节相关激素含量，以及肠道微生物及其代谢物组成的差异；25、50和100 kg体重IUGR和NBW生长育肥猪生长性能、血浆参数和肠道微生态的差异；粪菌移植对无菌小鼠生长发育、肠道微生物及代谢物的影响；妊娠-哺乳期巴马香猪或母子猪饲粮添加益生菌或合生元对断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响及其机制；饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪繁殖性能、子代生长发育、肉品质及肠道微生态的调控作用。本项目筛选了一批与IUGR猪生长发育显著相关的核心菌群和关键代谢物，阐明了IUGR猪生长发育的调节机制，深化了对IUGR发生机制的认识，为研发IUGR防治措施提供了理论依据与技术支撑。发表SCI论文21篇、CSCD论文4篇；申请发明专利3项、获授权实用新型专利1项；培养博士生2名、硕士生12名。项目负责人入选国家“万人计划”、2020爱思唯尔中国高被引学者，领衔的“猪生理代谢与机体健康创新团队”入选科技部重点领域创新团队；获神农中华农业科技奖优秀创新团队奖、省科技进步二等奖、2019“颐和”青年成就奖、中科院广州教育基地优秀研究生导师称号。