摩擦型砌块墙动态力学性能及耗能分布机制研究

The frictional block wall (FBW) is a novel type of non-structural infilled panel component, which has the characteristic of assembling/disassembling and cleaner production. Based on the friction between blocks, the FBW can dissipate vibration energy with low cost, therefore, it can effectively improve the seismic behavior of frame . This project studied on three dey scientific problems: the dynamic mechanism of friction changes with seismic load, the energy dissipation distribution in different regions of FBW, and the three-dimensional dynamic mechanical model of FBW. The main research contents are as follows: first, analyze the dynamic frictional characteristics of block, research on the in-plane mechanism and build the dynamic mechanical model of FBW. Second, investigate on the mechanism of energy dissipation, determine the energy dissipation contribution of each region of the wall, build a quantitative analysis method, and achieve the optimal energy dissipation mode and its application program. Third, develop a double safeguard mechanism of out-of-plane stability for FBW, research on the influence of interlocking shape on the out-of-plane behavior of FBW, determine the allowable value for out-of-plane deflection and corresponding structural detail. Finally, establish FBW’s three-dimensional dynamic mechanical model, investigate the influence of seismic waves, the layout scheme to the FBW’s vibration control effect, and provide the design principles of FBW in seismic design of frame structure. This study aims to describe the seismic energy dissipation contribution of the novel infilled panel, provide a theoretical basis for panel-based seismic design of frame structure, and enrich the building assembly type industrialization system, which has provided important theoretical significance and social value.

摩擦型砌块墙是一种新型的填充墙非结构构件，其兼顾可拆卸拼装及清洁生产的优点，依靠砌块的摩擦实现低成本耗能，可有效改善框架结构的抗震性能。本项目拟研究砌块摩擦随荷载变化的动态机制，耗能在墙体内不同区域的分布机制，墙体三维动态力学模型等科学问题。具体研究内容包括：分析砌块摩擦动态特性，研究墙体面内受力机理并建立砌块墙整体动态力学模型；揭示摩擦型砌块墙面内耗能分布机制，确定墙体各区域的耗能贡献，实现耗能量化分析并得到墙体最优耗能及实现方案；基于砌块墙面外稳定性双重保障机制，研究砌块嵌固对面外性能的影响，确定面外挠度容许值及相应细部构造；建立摩擦型砌块墙三维动态力学模型，研究地震波形、布设方案等对砌块墙减振效果的影响，提出砌块墙在框架结构抗震中的设计原则。本研究可揭示新型砌块墙的抗震耗能机制，为考虑填充墙耗能的框架结构抗震设计提供理论依据，并丰富建筑装配式工业化体系，具有重要理论意义和社会价值。

摩擦填充墙可利用砌块之间的摩擦消耗地震能量，改善框架结构的抗震性能，同时干砌填充墙可以实现工厂预制，现场安装，符合我国近年来倡导的“推动建筑工业化”这一目标。对这一新型的填充墙结构的力学性能进行系统性、定量化的研究是将其推广和生产规范化的必要步骤。然而目前对于该填充墙的研究大多停留在面内的力学性能，对其空间的力学性能研究不够深入。此外，当前学者对干砌填充墙的摩擦特性做了大量简化，未考虑到摩擦系数的动态变化过程，且缺少量化分析。本课题主要对以下几个方面进行了系统研究：（1）摩擦型砌块墙动态力学行为及其分析模型。分析了干砌体间接缝的力学特性，基于往复加载试验结果研究了干砌块摩擦系数的影响因素，并建立了考虑速度特征的单砌块摩擦模型；（2）摩擦型砌块墙耗能分布机制及量化方法。建立了既考虑加载速度又考虑摩擦损耗的干砌块摩擦模型，在确定干砌块摩擦系数之后，采用数值仿真建模，分析影响框架填充墙及干砌墙面内耗能性能的参数；（3）摩擦型砌块墙-框架结构面外稳定性。建立了干砌填充墙三维仿真模型，对填充墙三维的力学特性进行研究，提出了面外抗侧力、承载力计算公式；（4）摩擦型砌块墙-框架结构抗震性能。基于砌块间摩擦特性及填充墙与框架的相互作用，建立相应的有限元模型，分析了干砌填充墙的动力学特性及其影响因素，对其抗震耗能性能进行了量化分析。本课题的研究有利于更准确地模拟干砌填充墙的实际受力情况，使得对该填充墙的力学性能可以有一个更全面的把握。同时对干砌墙摩擦机理的研究和抗震性能的量化分析有利于该结构的规范化设计生产和推广，故此本研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。